Friday, August 20, 2021

King Saul’s great failure and King David’s lesson (1Samuel15-31)By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Weekly Message: King Saul’s great failure and King David’s lesson (1Samuel15-31)                

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce                                                                                                              Christian Arts Ministries: Biblical precepts & Gospel music                                    8/5-8/20/2021

Introduction

             My friends, have you served the Lord faithfully, yet, neither be noticed nor be honored? Like King David served his master King Saul faithfully, instead of being accepted, he ran for his life, for his master intended to kill him after he won the battle of Philistines for Israel. In our life journey, so often, we will meet such person like King Saul, no matter how hard we served, he’s never satisfied. But God’s election and anointing one is sure and firm. The Lord delivered King David from King Saul’s hands when he escaped and hid in a cave, the most darkest hour, no way to turn, no place to go, no one can be there with him in the cave, yet, the cave is the turning point. The Lord delivered King Saul into David’s hand. God so often, used those who opposed us to shape and mold our characters into His perfect will, and prepare us to be useful vessel for the kingdom of God. We shall learn from King David’s heart, put God first, be faithful and patiently handle each task. The Lord is strong tower against the foes. We may face the darkest hour, it seems no one can help, no way to turn, no place to go. But if we keep faith in the Lord, and be steadfast, in due time, God’s deliverance will come and God’s purpose will be fulfilled.  Let us discover God’s deliverance, compare and contrast between King Saul’s great failure and the victory of King David.

 

}  Saul’s partial obedience results in disqualify him as king’s position.


         When the Lord commanded him to attack the Amalekites and totally destroy everything that belongs to them. Don’t spare them; put to death men and women, children and infants, cattle and sheep, camels and donkeys.(1Samuel15:3). Saul attacked the Amalekites all the way and took Agag king of the Amalekites alive, and all his people he totally destroyed with the sword. However, Saul and the army spared Agag and the best of the sheep and cattle, the fat calves and lambs everything that was good.  They were unwilling to destroy completely, but everything that was despised and weak they totally destroyed.(1Samuel15:7-9)  

          Samuel was the one the Lord sent to anoint Saul as king over Israel, however because Saul disobeyed the commands of the Lord.  Partial obedience results in disqualify him as king. The word of Lord came to Samuel: “I am grieved, that I have made Saul king, because he has turned away from me and has no carried out my instructions. Samuel was troubled, and he cried out to the Lord all that night. Then Samuel told Saul, 

 “Although you were once small in your own eyes, did you not become the head of the     tribes of Israel? The Lord anointed you king over Israel. And he sent you on a mission saying ‘Go and completely destroy those wicked people, the Amalekites; make war on them until you have wiped them out.’  Why did you not obey the Lord? Why did you pounce on the plunder and do evil in the eyes of the Lord?” (15:17-19)

 

Saul debated and said,

 But I did obey the Lord. I went on the mission the Lord assigned me. I completely destroyed the Amalekites and brought back Agag their king. The soldiers took sheep and cattle from the plunder, the best of what was devoted to God, in order to sacrifice them to the Lord your God at Gilgal.” (15:20-21)

 

Samuel replied,

 Does the Lord delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the Lord? To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of Lord, he has rejected you as king. (15:22-3)

 The Lord has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to one of our neighbors-to one better than you. He who is the Glory of Israel does not lie or change his mind; for he is not a man that he should change his mind.” (15:28-29)

 

Samuel pointed out the important of the obedience to the voice of the Lord rather than sacrifice.   Samuel put Agag to death before the Lord at Gilgal. Then Samuel left for Ramanh, but Saul went up to his home in Gibeah of Saul. Until the day Samuel died, he didn’t go to see Saul again, through Samuel mourned for him, and the Lord was grieved that he had made Saul king over Israel.


}  God’s election and selection based on man’s heart not outward appearance.

           The Lord comforted Samuel who mourned for Saul and instructed him to fill his horn with oil and be on his way, for the Lord sent him to Jesse of Bethlehim and had chosen one of his sons to be king. Samuel was afraid of Saul and questioned about, “How can I go? When Saul hears of it, he will kill me.”(16:2). The Lord was completely aware of Saul’s natural reaction, but God intended to use Saul to mold and shape David’s life between the sheep and throne and prepared David to be the king of Israel. Saul was all part of His plan. Samuel didn’t know God’s plan, but he acted in obedient and did what the Lord told him to go. When he arrived at Bethlehem, the elders of the town trembled. Samuel said to them, “I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Consecrate yourselves and come to the sacrifice with me,” then he consecrated Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice. (16:5).

}  God’s election was not according to Samuel’s perspective           

          Samuel saw Eliab, the first born of Jesse, and thought “Surely, the Lord’s anointed stands here before the Lord. But the Lord said to Samuel,

“Do not consider his appearance or his height for I have rejected him.                 

 The Lord does not look at the things man looks at.                                                    

Man looks at the outward appearance; but the Lord looks at the heart.”(16:7)

Then Jesse called his second son, Abinadab and had him pass in front of Samuel. But Samuel said, “The Lord has not chosen this one either.” Then,  Jesse had his third son Shammah pass by, but Samuel said, “Nor has the Lord chosen this one.” Jesse had seven of his sons pass before Samuel, but Samuel said to him, “The Lord has not chosen these”.  Jesse had forgotten the youngest son David who tended the sheep, it took Samuel to remind him, “Are these all the sons you have?” Then, Jesse answered, “there is still the youngest, but he is tending the sheep.”(16:11). Samuel said, “Send for him, we will not sit down until he arrives.” So he sent and had him brought in. He was ruddy, with a fine appearance and handsome features. Then the Lord said, “Rise and anoint him: he is the one.” (16:12). So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and from that day on the Spirit of the Lord came upon David in power. Samuel then went to Ramah.  This private anointing was the first of three anointing for David. His second came as king of Judah (2 Sam.2:4) and his third as king over all Israel (2Sam.5:3).    

}  A shepherd boy David’s music led him to serve the king Saul

           Since the Spirit of the Lord had departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord tormented him. Saul’s attendants recommended him a son of Jesse of Bethlehem, David who played the harp. “He is a brave man, and a warrior. He speaks well and is a fine –looking man. And the Lord is with him.”(16:18). David came to Saul and entered his service. And Saul liked him very much, for whenever the evil spirit tormented Saul, David would take his harp and play. Then, relief would come to Saul; he would feel better. And the evil spirit would leave him.(16:23).  The Spirit of Lord was with David and David was a man after God’s own heart. The music he played eased Saul and it refreshed and soothed his feeling from evil spirit that tormented him.

}  David’s faith and belief - The battle belong to God                                                                       

          God prepared for His servant is the eyes have not seen and the ears have not heard. After40 days’ battle between Israelites and Philistine, in the 41 days, God used David as king and warrior to fight Philistine, even his father Jesse didn’t know David would be the one defeated Philistine. Jesse worried about his three sons in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines, so he sent David to see how his brothers are?  David obeyed his father’s instruction and went to see his brothers, while he was greeting his brothers, he heard the Philistine defy the armies of the living God, so he asked Saul let him to fight him.   In human’s eyesight, there is no way for David to gain the battle, for Philistine Goliath whose height was six cubits, David just a little shepherd boy. Saul rejected once and said, “You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him, for you are but a youth while he has been a warrior from his youth.”(1Sam.17:33).  David’s oldest brother Eliab also burned with anger against David, “Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the desert? I know your insolence and the wickedness of your heart; for you have down in order to see the battle.” (17:28). David gained no family supported and no master agreed on him at this time. But David responded to Saul his master,      

 “Your servant was tending his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and took a lamb from the flock…I seized him by his beard and struck him and killed him. Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; and this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, since he has taunted the armies of the living God. The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear, He will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” (17:34-37).                                                      

Saul allowed him and said, “May the Lord be with you.” (17:37). The spirit of Lord with David, he took his stick in his hand and chose for himself five smooth stones from the brook and put them in the shepherd’s bag which he had. And his sling was in his hand, and he approached the Philistine. The Goliath said to him, “Am I a dog that you come to me with sticks? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods…comes to me, and I will give your flesh to the birds of the sky and the beasts of the field.” (17:43). But David responded to Goliath,                                            

 “You come to me with a sword, a spear, and a javelin, but I come to you in the name of the Lord of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have taunted. This day the Lord will deliver you up into my hands, and I will strike you down and remove your head from you. And I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines this day to the birds of the sky and the wild beasts of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God is Israel. And that all this assembly may know that the Lord does not deliver by sword or by spear, for the battle is the Lord’s and He will give you into our hands.” (17:45-47)  

Indeed, it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves. David took a stone; he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine of the forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground.  When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran. Then the men of Israel ad Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines. David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem, and he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent.

}  Saul burned in angry, envy,  jealousy about David and wanted to kill him    

          When David defeated the Philistines, and won the battle for Israel, all the women came out from all the towns of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing, with joyful songs and with tambourines and lutes. As they sang, “Saul has slain his thousands and David his tens of thousands.” (18:7). this refrain galled him. “They have credited David with tens of thousands,” he thought, “But me with only thousands. What more can he get but the kingdom? And from that time on Saul kept a jealous eye on David.  The next day an evil spirit from God came forcefully upon Saul. While David was playing the harp, Saul has a spear in his hand and he hurled it, saying to himself, “I’ll pin David to the wall” But David escaped from his presence twice. (18:10-11).

}  David protected by Samuel, Jonathan, Ahimelech, Achish, and his family and four hundred men followed him to the cave of Adullam.

          David didn’t understand why Saul wanted to kill him? Since he served Saul faithfully and kept loyalty to him. David ran for his life and fled and escaped to Samuel at Ramah and told him all that Saul had done to him and stayed in Naioth, Ramah. Saul heard that, and sent massagers to take David three times, Samuel protected David and David fled from Naioth at Ramah and went to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done? What is my crime? How have I wronged your father that he is trying to take my life?” (20:1). Jonathan said to David, “whatever you want me to do, I’ll do for you.” And Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, ‘May the Lord call David’s enemies to account.’ And Jonathan had David reaffirm his oath out of love for him, because he loved him as he loved himself. (20:16-17).   David fled and escaped to Nob and protected by Ahimelech. And fled to Gath protected by Achish, then, he escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered around him, and he became their leader, about four hundred men were with him. David went to Mizpah in Moab and said to the king of Moab, “ would you let my father and mother come and stay with you until I learn what God will do for me?” so he left them with the king of Moab. The prophet Gad said to David, “Do not stay in the stronghold. Go into the land of Judah.” So David left and went to the forest of Hereth. (22:1-5)

}  Saul’s madness killed 85 priests and destroyed the town Nob because they helped David to escape from Saul.

            Saul heard that David and his men had been discovered. Doeg the Edomite told Saul, “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob. Ahimelech inquired of the Lord for him; he also gave him provisions and the sowrd of Goliath the Philistine.”  Saul ordered Doeg the Edomite to kill Ahimelech the priests of the Lord, because they too have sided with David. They knew he was fleeing, yet, they didn’t tell Saul. So Doeg the Edomite did what Saul ordered him to do. That day Doeg the Edomite killed eighty –five men who wore the linen ephod. He also put to the sword Nob, the town of the priests, with its men and women, its children and infants and its cattle, donkeys and sheep. (22:17-19).

}  The Lord’s deliverance came to David at En Gedi, David spares Saul in the cave.

           Day after day, Saul searched for David but God did not give David into his hands. After Saul returned from pursuing the Philistines, he was told, ‘David is in the Desert of En Gedi. So Saul took three thousand chosen men from all Israel and set out to look for David and hi men near the Crags of the Wild Goats. He came to the sheep pens along the way; a cave was there, and Saul went in to relieve himself.  David and his men were far back in the cave. The men said, “This is the day the Lord spoke of when he said to you, ‘I will give your enemy into your hands for you to deal with as you wish.’ Then David crept up unnoticed and cut off a corner of Saul’s robe. Afterward, David was conscience –stricken for having cut off a corner of his rove. He said to his men, “ The Lord forbid that I should do such a thing to my master, the Lord’s anointed, or lift my hand against him; for he is the anointed of the Lord.” With these words David rebuked his men and did not allow them to attack Saul. And Saul left the cave and went his way. (24:1-7) Then, David went out of the cave and called out to Saul “My lord the king!” When Saul looked behind him, David bowed down and prostrated himself with his face to the ground. David honored Saul as king of Israel, though Saul was his enemy. David described himself as perfectly harmless to King Saul and he said,

“Why do you listen when men say,’ David is bent on harming you?’ This day you have  seen with your own eyes how the Lord delivered you into my hands in the cave. Some urged me to kill you, but I spared you; I said, ‘I will not lift my hand against my master, because he is the Lord’s anointed.’ See, my father, look at this piece of your robe in my hand! I cut off the corner of your robe but didn’t kill you. Now understand and recognize that I am not guilty of wrongdoing or rebellion. I have not wronged you, but you are hunting me down to take my life. May the Lord Judge between you and me. And may the Lord avenge the wrongs you have done to me, but my hand will not touch you. As the old saying goes, ‘Form evildoers come evil deeds,’ so my hand will not touch you. Against whom has the king of Israel come out? Whom are you pursuing? A dead dog? A flea? May the Lord be our judge and decide between us. May he consider my cause and uphold it; may he vindicate me by delivering me form your hand.(24:8-15)

Saul wept aloud and felt sorry for the way he treated David, but his remorse was temporary. He said,

 “Is that your voice, David my son? You are more righteous than I, you have treated me well, but I have treated you badly. You have just told me of the good you did to me; the Lord delivered me into your hands, but you didn’t kill me. When a man find his enemy, does he let him get away unharmed? May the Lord reward you well for the way you treated me today. I know that you will surely be king and that the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hands. Now swear to me by the Lord that you will not cut off my descendants or wipe out my name from my father’s family. (24:21)

So David gave his oath to Saul then Saul returned home, but David and his men went up to the stronghold.

}  The death of Saul after he consulted the medium in Endor

         King Saul’s fear and jealousy about King David, resulted in killed 85 priests, and destroyed the town Nob. He intended to kill King David, but the Lord didn’t deliver King David into his hand. After Samuel was dead, King Saul was lost Samuel and all the spiritual priests counsel.  King Saul faced Philistines army, with fear, he inquired of the Lord for counsel, but the Lord didn’t answer him by dreams or Urim or prophets. To the end, he asked for a medium in Endor to bring up the spirit of Samuel who was dead for counsel. (1Samuel28:5-8). Miraculously, God permitted the actual spirit of Samuel to speak and announce Saul’s imminent death.  Samuel said,           

 “Why do you consult me, now that the Lord has turned away from you and become your enemy? The Lord has done what he predicted through me. The Lord has torn the kingdom out of your hands and given it to one of your neighbors –to David. Because you did not obey the Lord or carry out his fierce wrath against the Amalekites, the Lord has done this to you today. The Lord will hand over both Israel and you to the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons will be with me. The Lord also hand over the army of Israel to the Philistines.” (1Samuel28:19).

The Philistines fought against Israel; the Israelites fled before them, and many fell slain on Mount Gilboa. The Philistines pressed hard after Saul and his sons Jonathan, Abinadab and Malkishua. The fighting grew fierce around Saul, and when the archers overtook him, they wounded him critically. Saul said to his armor-bearer, “Draw your sword and run me through, or these uncircumcised fellows will come and run me through and abuse me.” But his armor-bearer was terrified and would not do it; so Saul took his own sword and fell on it.” When the armor-bearer saw that Saul was dead, he too fell on his sword and died with him. So Saul and his three sons and his armor-bearer and all his men died together that same day. (31:1-5).

}  King Saul’s great failure

1). Saul’s partial obedience results in disqualify him as king’s position. Saul did not obey the Lord’s instruction; he did pounce on the plunder and did evil in the eyes of the Lord. To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry

2). The Lord forsook King Saul and Spirit of God departed from him. It was awful to kill eighty-five priests, prophets and destroyed the town Nob. Saul’s fear and jealousy about King David, and pursued to kill him, but the Lord didn’t deliver King David into his hand. After Samuel was dead, King Saul was lost Samuel and all the spiritual priests counsel. King Saul faced Philistines army, with fear, he inquired of the Lord for counsel, but the Lord didn’t answer him by dreams or Urim or prophets. To the end, he asked for a medium in Endor to bring up the spirit of Samuel who was dead for counsel. (1Samuel28:5-8). The Lord forsook King Saul because he disobeyed His commands and killed all the prophets and priests. To the end, Saul took his own sword and fell on it. (1Samuel31:4). In another word, he committed suicide. Man’s flesh and implosive behavior is not only can destroy his own life, but also destroy a nation. 

3). King Saul’s great failure as king was his disobedience, which eventually disqualified him from holding the office. Had Saul been obedient to God, perhaps his life would have ended in great glory rather than in dark, tragic defeat. Jesus said, “If you love me, you will obey what I command.” (John 14:15).

}  Spirit of Lord is with King David, He pursued and destroyed the Amalekites

          King David defeated the Amalekites after he consoled the priest Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech. David inquired of the Lord; shall he pursue this raiding party? Will he overtake them? The Lord answered, “Pursue them”. David fought them from dusk until the evening of the next day, and none of them got away, except four hundred young men who rode off on camels and fled. David recovered everything the Amalekites had taken, including his two wives. He brought everything back. (30:7,17,18) 

}  King David’s strength

         King David is a man who has faith in God, fears God, and trusts in God. As Samuel described about him, “He is the Glory of Israel does not lie or change his mind; for he is not a man that he should change his mind.” (15:28). In all the consequences and life straitening scenario, King David’s heart was steadfast to trust in the name of Lord God Almighty. He gained a good reputation “a man heart after God’s own heart”. He leaned on God rather than men’s strength. The Spirit of Lord with him, the Lord vindicated him. The priest, prophets protected him, families, friends and followers with him even he was in the cave, in the darkest hour, no way to turn.  He wrote psalms and the music became the song of salvation, the song of deliverance and the song of strength. When he had fled from Saul into the cave he wrote Psalm 57,

“Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me, for in you my soul takes refuge. I will take refuge in the shadow of your wings until the disaster has passed.  I cry out to God Most High, to God, who fulfills his purpose for me. He sends from heaven and saves me, rebuking those who hotly pursue me; God sends his love and his faithfulness. I am in the midst of lions I lie among ravenous beasts- men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are sharp swords. Be exalted, O God, above the heavens. Let your glory be overall the earth. They spread a net for my feet –I was bowed down in distress. They dug a pit in my path-but they have fallen into it themselves. My heart is steadfast, O God, my heart is steadfast; I will sing and make music, Awake, my soul! Awake, harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn. I will praise you, O Lord, among the nations; I will sing of you among the peoples. For great is your love, reaching to the heavens; your faithfulness reaches to the skies. Be exalted, O God, above the heavens; let your glory be over all the earth. (Psalm57:1-10)

When he ran for life and pretended to be insane before Abimelech, who drove him away and he left. In Psalm 43 he wrote,

I will extol the Lord at all times; his praise will always be on my lips. My soul will boast in the Lord; let the afflicted hear and rejoice. Glorify the Lord with me; let us exalt his name together. I sought the Lord, and he answered me; he delivered me from all my fears. Those who look to him are radiant; their faces are never covered with shame. This poor man called, and the Lord heard him’ he saved him out of all his troubles. The angel of the Lord encamps around those who fear him, and he delivers them. Taste and see that the Lord is good; blessed is the man who takes refuge in him. Fear the Lord, you his saints, for those who fear him lack nothing. The lions may grow weak and hungry, but those who seek the Lord lack no good thing. The eyes of the Lord are on the righteous and his ears are attentive to their cry; the face of the Lord is against those who do evil, to cut off the memory of them from the earth. The righteous cry out and the Lord hears them; he delivers them from all their troubles. The Lord is close to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit. A righteous man may have many troubles, but the Lord delivers him from them all; he protects all his bones, not one of them will be broken. Evil will slay the wicked; the foes of the righteous will be condemned. The Lord redeems his servants; no one will be condemned who takes refuge in him. (psalm34:1-22)

King David’s psalms became a great legacy to all generations. It comforts and strengthens each group who are in weary, or in distress, or in fear, or in debt, or in loneliness, or in quit or in discontented. King David was not only King of Israel in the past; he is also a spiritual leader and worship warrior in all generation.  

}  Biblical principles

 

1)   To obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry

2)  The Lord does not look at the things man looks at. Man looks at the outward appearance; but the Lord looks at the heart.

3)      The battle belongs to the Lord.

4)    Keep trusting in the Lord no matter who mistreated you and in all consequences. 

5)  Fear the Lord, for those who fear him lack nothing and those who seek the Lord lack no good thing.

6)    Evil will slay the wicked; the foes of the righteous will be condemned. 

7)   Forgive one another so that you may be forgiven by heavenly father. Never take your own revenge, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay. Says the Lord.” (Rom.12:19). 

8)  Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.(Matt.5:9)

 

}  Life application of 1 Samuel 15-31 

 

1).The battle belongs to the Lord, trust in God, and do what He instructs us to do. God has the plan in mind for us. He knew all things ahead of us. When we do not see the way, in the darkest hour, and lack the security, trust in the Lord, even in the cave, the darkest hour, God turn the cave into the deliverance.  He will make all things beautiful in His time.

2). Keep making music with your heart to the Lord, praise Him and exalt God, each song will be the song of salvation, song of deliverance and strength. A spiritual warrior so often, is a worship warrior. 

3). The Lord’s election is based on man’s heart; don’t pay attention to outward appearance.

4). Once we are faithful serve the Lord, the Lord will fight the battle for us.

5). God so often, used those who opposed us to shape and mold our characters into His perfect will, and prepare us to be useful vessel for the kingdom of God. We shall learn from King David’s heart, put God first, be faithful and patiently handle each task. The Lord is strong tower against the foes. We may face the darkest hour, it seems no one can help, no way to turn, no place to go. But if we keep faith in the Lord, and be steadfast, in due time, God’s deliverance will come and God’s purpose will be fulfilled.

6). The righteous cry out and the Lord hears them; he delivers them from all their troubles. The Lord is close to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit. A righteous man may have many troubles, but the Lord delivers him from them all.

7). Fear the Lord, for those who fear him lack nothing. The lions may grow weak and hungry, but those who seek the Lord lack no good thing.

8). It’s important to forgive those who mistreated us, and not to fight in the flesh. If possible, so far as it depends on you, be at peace with all men.  Never take your own revenge, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,” says the Lord…Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good. (Roman12:18-21)

9).When a man’s ways are pleasing to the Lord; he makes even his enemies to be at peace with him. (Proverbs 16:7). 

10). Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.(Matt.5:9)


 

 

Bibliography,

 

Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd Chicago: The University of Chicago press, 2000.

 

Brown, Robert, Philip W. Comfort and J.D. Douglas, ed. The New Greek English Interlinear New Testament. Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.1990.

Friberg, Timothy, Barbara Friberg, and Neva F. Miller et al., eds. Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament.1st ed. Victoria BC: Trafford Publishing, 2005.

            King James, The Holy Bible, Cleveland, OH: The world publishing company

 New American Standard Bible, The Open Bible.. La Habra, CA: Thomas nelson publishers, 1978.

Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute.1986. 

            Swindoll, Charles R. A man of passion & destiny David. Dallas, TX: Word publishing, Inc.1990

 

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