Monday, December 27, 2021

Bible in one year 12/27-12/29 /2021 Zechariah 1-14 By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 12/27-29 /2021 Zechariah 1-14

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries: Biblical precepts& Gospel music/ pastoral ministry & counseling

Date 12/27/2021  Zechariah 1-5  

Introduction

 Author: the name Zechariah means “Yahweh remembers.”( used in the O.T. of twenty seven other people). This Zechariah was a contemporary of the prophet Haggai (Ezra5:1;6:14).

The author Zechariah’s father, Berechiah, probably died when his son was young, making Zechariah the immediate successor of his grandfather, Iddo(Neh.12:4).Iddo was a priest who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua and was, according to tradition, a member of the Great Synagogue (the governing body of the Jews before the Sanhedrin).

 

Background and purpose

During the reign of Cyrus, more than fifty thousand Jews returned to Palestine from Babylon in 538. They laid the foundation of the Temple in 536, but opposition stalled the work for about fifteen years (Ezra1:1-4;4:1-5).Darius Hystaspes (1:1), who came to the throne in 521, confirmed Cyrus’s decree, and Zechariah, like Haggai, encouraged the people to finish the Temple (which they did in 516).

 

Christology of the book

Zechariah predicted more about Messiah than any other prophet except Isaiah. Prophecies concerning His first coming include 3:8;9:9, 16; 11:11-13; 12:10;13:1,6; and prophecies to be fulfilled at His second coming include 6:12;14:1-21.

 

The contents

 The book is one of consolation and hope, beginning with a call to repentance and concluding with prophecies concerning the return and reign of Christ.

 

Chapter 1 the call to repentance and pay attention to the Word of God because, though prophets die, it endures, and the proof that it endures is that its warnings come true (overtake). Though Israel is oppressed, God is still greatly concerned for His people and will restore them. 

 

“The Lord was very angry with your forefathers. Therefore tell the people: This is what the Lord Almighty says: ‘Return to me’, declares the Lord Almighty, and I will return to you,’ says the Lord Almighty. Do not be like your forefathers, to whom the earlier prophets proclaimed: this is what the Lord Almighty says, “Turn from your evil ways and your evil practices.’ But they would not listen or pay attention to me, declares the Lord. Where are your forefathers nor? And the prophets, do they live forever? But did not my words and my decrees, which I commanded my servants the prophets, overtake your forefathers? “Then they repented and said, “The Lord Almighty has done to us what our ways and practices deserve, just as he determined to do.” (vv.2-6)

 

Therefore, “This is what the Lord says, “I will return to Jerusalem with mercy, and there my house will be rebuilt. And the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem” declares the Lord Almighty. Proclaim further; this is what the Lord Almighty says: “My towns will again overflow with prosperity, and the Lord will again comfort Zion and choose Jerusalem.” (vv.16-17)

The temple (my house) was finished in 516 (cf Ezra6:15). A line was used to measure before destruction or construction.  In the verses 18-21 the vision of the four horns and four craftsmen, the four horns- the power of Gentile nations (perhaps Assyria, Egypt, Babylonia, and Medo-Persia specifically) that afflicted and scattered Israel. Craftsmen--those peoples and nations whom God used to overthrow the enemies of Israel. The vision reinforces the warning and promise of Gen.12:3).

 

Chapter 2 the vision of the surveyor

 

“Come! Come! Flee from the land of the north....Come, O Zion! Escape, you who live in the Daughter of Babylon !....Shout! And be glad, O Daughter of Zion. For I am coming, and I will live among you,” declares the Lord. Many nations will be joined with the Lord in that day and will become my people. I will live among you and you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you. The Lord will inherit Judah as his portion in the holy land and will again choose Jerusalem. Be still before the Lord, all mankind, because he has roused himself his holy dwelling. (Zechariah2:6,7,10-13)

 

This vision signifies the assured restoration and blessing of Israel and Jerusalem. In the future Jerusalem will expand beyond its walls (v.4), yet the inhabitants will live in it safely because of the personal presence of the Lord(v.5) During the Millennium. Those who had not yet returned from Babylon (the land of the north. Jer.1:14) are called on the return (vv.6-7; only about fifty thousand had returned under Cyrus’s decree in 538), because Babylon would soon be taken (as happened three years later. Apple(v.8) Pupil. Verses 10-13 describe millennial blessings for the nations, Israel, and Jerusalem. The holy land ((v.12) Palestine; used only here in the O.T.  

 

Chapter 3 the vision of Joshua the high priest

 

“The he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan standing at his right side to accuse him. The Lord said to Satan, “the Lord, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke you! Is not this man a burning stick snatched from the fire? Now Joshua was dressed in filthy clothes as he stood before the angel. The angel said to those who were standing before him, “Take off his filthy clothes”. Then he said to Joshua, “See, I have taken away your sin, and I will put rich garments on you.”(vv.1-4).

 

The angel of the Lord gave this charge to Joshua: This is what the Lord Almighty says: “ if you will walk in my ways and keep my requirements then you will govern my house and have charge of my courts and I will give you a place among these standing here.”(vv.6-7)

 

“Listen, O high priest Joshua and your associates seated before you, who are men symbolic of things to come, I am going to bring my servant, the Branch. See, the stone I have set in front of Joshua! There are seven eyes on that one stone, and I will engrave an inscription on it, “says the Lord Almighty, and I will remove the sin of this land in a single day. In that day each of you will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and fig tree”. declares the Lord Almighty.  

 

3:1-10 Joshua the high priest is cleansed in this vision. This had personal significance in that it answered the charge some had made that Joshua was unfit to serve in that office. It had priestly significance for the nation, picturing their restoration to a priestly position before God. It also had prophetic significance, illustrating the future cleansing of the nation at the return of Christ. Satan…to accuse (3;1)See Rev.12:10. A burning stick snatched from the fire (v.2). Israel had been saved out of the fire of Babylonian captivity. Your associates seated before you. (v.8) The other priests, men who were a sing or symbol pointing to another, namely, Messiah, who is here designated as my servant, the Branch (humble and human; cf. Isa. 42:1;52:13; Ezek.34:23-24; Isa.4;1; Jer.23:5). The stone.(v.9) Also a reference to Messiah (cf. Ps.118:22; Matt.21:42; 1Pet.2:6) at His second coming He will cleanse Israel (Rom.11:25-26).

 

Chapter 4 the vision of the Golden Lampstand

 

“So he said to me, “This is the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel: “Not by might nor by       power, but by my Spirit, says the Lord Almighty.” What are you, O mighty mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become level ground. Then he will bring out the capstone to shouts of “God bless it! God bless it!” (vv.6-7)

 

In vv.6-7, just as Joshua, the religious leader, was cleansed in the preceding vision, now Zerubbabel, the civil leader, is encouraged by this vision. The Temple would be finished by the power of the Holy Spirit; every mountain (obstacle) would be removed. When the capstone was put in place, the people would beseech God for grace upon the Temple. 

 

Chapter 5 the vision of the flying scroll (5:1-4)


“I looked again and there before me was a flying scroll! He asked me, “What do you see?” I answered, “I see a flying scroll, thirty feet long and fifteen feet wide….The Lord Almighty declares, “I will send it out and it will enter the house of the thief and the house of him who swears falsely by my name. It will remain in his house and destroy it, both its

timbers and its stones.”( vv.1-2,4)

 

The vision of the woman in the measuring basket (Ephah)5:5-11

 

Then the angel who was speaking to me came forward and said to me, “Look up and see what his is that is appearing.” I asked, “What is it?” He replied, “It is a measuring basket. And he added, “This is the iniquity of the people throughout the land.”  Then the cover of lead was raised, and there in the basket sat a woman! He said, “This is wickedness,” and he pushed her back into the basket and pushed the lead cover down over its mouth. Then I looked up and there before me were two women, with the wind in their wings! They had wings like those of a stork, and they lifted up the basket between heaven and earth. Where are they taking the basket? I asked the angel who was speaking to me. He replied, “to the country of Babylonia to build a house for it. When it is ready, the basket will be set there in its place.

           

5:1-4 the large flying scroll, unrolled because it was able to be measured (thirty feet by fifteen feet, a cubit being eighteen inches,) symbolized God’s judgment against sinners. God’s law, written on each side of the scroll, judged specific sins.

5:5-11 in this vision a woman sitting in a measuring basket (like a barrel, larger than a bushel) with a cover of lead represents wickedness. She is banished appropriately to Babylonia (cf.Gen.11:2; Rev.17:3-5).

Bible reading & studying in one year 12/28/2021 Zechariah 6-10

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries: Biblical precepts& Gospel music/Pastoral ministry & counseling

 

Chapter 6: 1-8 Zechariah’s vision of the four chariots

 

“I looked up again and there before me were four chariots coming out from between two mountains-mountains of bronze! The first chariot had red horses, the second black, the third white, and the fourth dappled all of them powerful.”(vv.1-3)The angel answered me, “these are the four spirits of heaven, going out from standing in the presence of the Lord of the whole world. The one with the black houses is going toward the North Country, the one with the white horses toward the west, and the one with the dappled horses toward the south. When the powerful horses went out, they were straining to go throughout the earth. And he said, “Go throughout the earth!” so they went throughout the earth. Then he called to me, “look, those going toward the North Country have given my Spirit rest in the land of the north.” (Zechariah 6:5-8)

  

 A vision of God’s judgment on the nations of the world, especially focusing on Babylon (the North Country, (v.8), which revolted three years later and was devastated and depopulated by the Persians (cf.2:6-7). The vision may also depict the final subjugation of the world, especially, “Babylon” during the Tribulation days (cf.Rev.11:15;18:21). Jews whose residence continued to be in Babylon, but who had come to Jerusalem on a visit to bring an offering for the building of the Temple.


 Zechariah’s vision -The crowning of Joshua (6:9-15)

 

Take the silver and gold and make a crown, and set it on the head of the high priest, Joshua son of Jehozadak. Tell him this is what the Lord Almighty says: “Here is the man whose name is the Branch, and he will branch out from his place and build the temple of the Lord. It is he who will build the temple of the Lord, and he will be clothed with majesty and will sit and rule on his throne. And he will be a priest on his throne. And there will be harmony between the two. …Those who are far away will come and help to build the temple of the Lord, and you will know that the Lord, and you will know that the Lord Almighty has sent me to you. This will happen if you diligently obey the Lord your God.” (Zechariah 6:11-13,15)

 

       A crown. A composite crown made up of several circles. The crown was placed on Joshua; no crown was placed on Zerubbabel. Verses12-13 mentions the crowning of Joshua foreshadowed the crowning of Messiah, who at His second coming will build the millennial temple and unite the offices of King and Priest in one Person. In the Millennium Gentiles will join in building that Temple (Hag.2:7).


Chapter 8 Zechariah’s vision of the future for Jerusalem 8:1-23

 

This is what the Lord says, “I will return to Zion and dwell in Jerusalem. Then Jerusalem will be called the City of Truth, and the mountain of the Lord Almighty will be called the Holy Mountain. This is what the Lord Almighty says: “Once again men and women of ripe old age will sit in the streets of Jerusalem with cane in hand because of his age. The city streets will be filled with boys and girls playing there.(vv.3-5)

 

O Judah and Israel, so will I save you, and you will be a blessing. Do not be afraid, but let your hands be strong. (v.13). So now I have determined to do good again to Jerusalem and Judah. Do not be afraid. These are the things you are to do: Speak the truth to each other, and render true and sound judgment in your courts; do not plot evil against your neighbor, and do not love to swear falsely. I hate all this. (vv.15-17)

 

And the inhabitants of one city will go to another and say, “Let us go at once to entreat the Lord and seek the Lord Almighty I myself am going. And many peoples and powerful nations will come to Jerusalem to seek the Lord Almighty and to entreat him.” This is what the Lord Almighty says; “ In those days ten men from all languages and nations will take firm hold of one Jew by the him of his robe and says, “ Let us go with you, because we have heard that God is with you.” (vv.21-23)

 

 Some features of this glorious picture of Jerusalem were evident in the Maccabean times (second century B.C.), but the complete fulfillment awaits the establishment of the millennial kingdom. Jerusalem will be secure (vv.4-5) and the people will be regathered from all parts of the world.(v.8) the fast of the fourth. Commemorated Nebuchadnezzar’s entering Jerusalem in 586 (2Kings25:3-4).The fast of the tenth. The beginning of the siege of Jerusalem in 688(2Kings 25;1). All these fasts will be turned into feast days when Israel is restored. Gentiles, too, will seek the blessings and knowledge of God in the Millennium.

 

Chapter 9 Zechariah’s vision the comings of the King 9:9-10

 

Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout, Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your king comes to you, righteous and having salvation, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey. I will take away the chariots from Ephraim and the war-horses from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be broken. He will proclaim peace to the nations. His rule will extend from sea to sea and from the River to the ends of the earth.”(vv.9-10)   

 

           Verses 9-10 this great prophecy was fulfilled completely at the first advent of Jesus Christ (Matt.21:4-5). In sharp contrast to Alexander, Messiah is righteous, brings salvation, and is gentle. The foal of a donkey. Lit., the son of a she-ass. The fulfillment of this prophecy of universal peace awaits the second advent of Christ.

Chapter 10 the blessings from Messiah 10:1-12

 

Asking the Lord for rain in the springtime; it is the Lord who makes the storm clouds .He gives showers of rain to men, and plants of the field to everyone. The idols speak deceit, diviners see visions that lie; they tell dreams that are false; they give comfort in vain. Therefore, the people wander like sheep oppressed for lack of a shepherd. (vv.1-2)

 

From Judah will come the cornerstone, from him the tent peg, from him the battle bow, from him every ruler (v.4). Together they will be like mighty men trampling the muddy streets in battle. Because the Lord is with them, they will fight and overthrow the horsemen. (v.5)

 

I will strengthen the house of Judah and save the house of Joseph. I will restore them because I have compassion on them. They will be as though I had no rejected them. For I am the Lord their God and I will answer them. (v.6).

 

The Ephraimites will become like mighty men and their hearts will be glad as with wine. Their children will see it and be joyful; their hearts will rejoice in the Lord. I will signal for them and gather them in. Surely I will redeem them; they will be as numerous as before.(vv.7-8)

 In verse 4 Messiah is designated as the cornerstone, the tent peg, the battle bow, and the ruler (suppressor of the wicked).


 Bible reading & studying in one year 12/29/2021 Zechariah 11-14

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries: Biblical precepts& Gospel music/Pastoral ministry & counseling

 

Chapter 11 Zechariah’s vision -the rejection of the Shepherd

 

“So I pastured the flock marked for slaughter, particularly the oppressed of the flock. Then I took two staffs and called one Favor and the other Union. And I pastured the flock. In one month I got rid of the three shepherds. The flock detested me, and I grew weary of them and said, “I will not be your shepherd. Let the dying die, and the perishing perish. Let those who are left eat one another’s flesh.” (vv.7-9).

 

Then I took my staff called Favor and broke it, revoking the covenant I had made with all the nations. It was revoked on that day, and so the afflicted of the flock who were watching me knew it was the word of the Lord. I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.” So they paid me thirty pieces of silver.” (vv.10-12)

 

And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter” –the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord to the potter. Then I broke my second staff called Union, breaking the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. (vv.13-14)

 

Then the Lord said to me, “Take again the equipment of a foolish shepherd. For I am going to raise up a shepherd over the land who will not care of the lost, or seek the young, or heal the injured, or feed the healthy, but will eat the meat of the choice sheep, tearing off their hoops. “Woe to the worthless shepherd, who deserts the flock! May the sword strike his arm and his right eye! May his arm be completely withered, his right eye totally blinded!” (vv.15-17)
 

 In chapter 11 unveils a continuation of the mock lamentation over the fall of unidentified powers (cedars…oaks; cf. Isa.2:13) who attack Israel. In verse 7, the two staffs symbolized the good intentions of Zechariah acting the part of a good shepherd; i.e., in bringing Favor and Union to Israel and Judah.  In verse 12, because the people rejected the good shepherd’s ministry, he asked as his wages only the price of a slave (vf.Ex.21:32; Matt.27:3-7). Zechariah was acting the role of the coming Messiah.

 

Chapter 12 the Lord’s care for Jerusalem

 

“I am going to make Jerusalem a cup that sends all the surrounding peoples reeling. Judah will be besieged as well as Jerusalem.  On that day, when all the nations of the earth are gathered against her, I will make Jerusalem an immovable rock for all the nations. All who try to move it will injure themselves. On that day I will strike every house with panic and its rider with madness,” declares the Lord. “I will keep a watchful eye over the house of Judah, but I will blind all the horses of the nations. Then the leaders of Judah will say in their hearts, ‘The people of Jerusalem are strong, because the Lord Almighty is their God’ (vv.2-5)

 

On that day I will make the leaders of Judah like a firepot in a woodpile, like a flaming torch among sheaves. They will consume right and left all the surrounding people, but Jerusalem will remain intact in her place.(v.6)The Lord will save the dwellings of Judah first, so that the honor of the house of David and of Jerusalem’s inhabitants may not be greater than that of Judah.(v.7)

 

And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplication. They will look on me, the one they have pierced, and they will mourn for him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for him as one grieves for a firstborn son. (v.10)

 

In Chapter 12 verse 3 this prophecy will be fulfilled during the campaign of Armageddon. Madness (v.4) supernatural confusion and panic will overtake the armies attacking Jerusalem. The leaders of Judah (v.6) will be like a firepot on which their enemies are consumed. At the second coming of Christ, Israel will recognize Jesus as her Messiah, acknowledging with deep contrition that He was the One whom their forefathers pierced.  

 

Chapter 13 the Lord’s cleansing of Jerusalem

 

On that day a fountain will be opened to the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, to cleanse them from sin and impurity. On that day, I will banish the names of the idols from the land and they will be remembered no more,” declares the Lord Almighty. “I will remove both the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land. (vv.1-2)… On that day every prophet will be ashamed of his prophetic vision. He will not put on a prophet’s garment of hair in order to deceive. He will say, ‘I am not a prophet. I am a farmer; the land has been my livelihood since my youth. (vv.4-5)

 

Cleansing from sin follows the mourning mentioned in the preceding chapter. Fountain. Calvary now opened for the salvation of all living at the time of the return of Christ (Rom.11:26-27) in the verses 2-6, All idolatry will be uprooted and all false prophesying will cease. In their zeal to obey the law of God, parents will put to death any child who is involved in false prophesying (v.3; Deut.13:6-10). False prophets will not wear a garment of hair (v.4), which true prophets often did (cf.2Kings1:8; Matt.3:4). Instead, they will pretend to be farmers (v.5) and lie concerning wounds received in ecstatic frenzy (cf.1Kings 18:28), pretending they were received as part of parental punishment or from friendly fighting.  

 

“Awake, O sword, against my shepherd, against the man who is close to me!” Declares the Lord Almighty. “Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered, and I will turn my hand against the little ones.” (v.7)

In the whole land, declares the Lord, “two –third will be left in it. Yet, one-third will be left in it, this third I will bring into the fire; I will refine them like silver and test them like gold. They will call on my name and I will answer them; I will say, “They are my people, and they will say, “The Lord is our God.”

In verse 7 is a reference to the death of Christ and the scattering of the disciples (Matt.26:31). God’s judgment of Israel at the return of Christ will weed out all but one-third of them. These will constitute the “all Israel” that will then be saved (Rom.11:26).

 

Chapter 14 Zechariah’s vision -the Lord’s second coming to Jerusalem

 

A day of the Lord is coming when your plunder will be divided among you. I will gather all the nations to Jerusalem to fight against it, the city will be captured, the houses ransacked, and the women raped. Half of the city will go into exile, but the rest of the people will not be taken from the city. Then the Lord will go out and fight against those nations, as he fights in the day of battle. On that day his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, east of Jerusalem, and the Mount of Olives will be split in tow from east to west, forming a great valley, with half of the mountain moving north and half moving south. You will flee by my mountain valley, for it will extend to Azel. You will flee as you fled from the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the Lord my God will come and all the holy ones with him. (vv.1-5)

 

14:1-5 A description of one of the last battles of the campaign of Armageddon (Rev.16:14). Jerusalem will be taken and the plunder divided. Just when the armies of the nations seem undefeatable, Jesus Christ personally and visibly will return to the Mount of Olives, causing it to split and provide a valley through which survivors may flee. The location of Azel is uncertain, perhaps being a village near Jerusalem. The earthquake.( see Amos1:1). Holy ones. Perhaps believers who, having been previously taken to heaven, return with Christ, or angels who accompany Him or both.

 

On that day there will be no light no cold or frost. It will be a unique day without daytime or nighttime- a day known to the Lord. When evening comes, there will be light. (vv.6-7) On that day living water will flow out form Jerusalem, half to the eastern sea and half to the western sea, in summer and in winter. (v.8). The Lord will be king over the whole earth. On that day there will be one Lord, and His name the only name. (v.9)

In verse 6 cosmic disturbances will affect day and night when Christ returns (cf. Acts 2:19-20). Verse 8 Living water. Both natural (for the land) and spiritual (for the people) refreshment. Eastern sea. The Dead Sea. Western sea. The Mediterranean.

 

“ The whole land, from Geba to Rimmon, south of Jerusalem, will become like the Arabah. But Jerusalem will be raised up and remain in its place, from the Benjamin gate to the site of the First Gate, to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the royal winepresses. It will be inhabited; never again will it be destroyed. Jerusalem will be secure. (vv.10-11)

 

Geba. Ten miles N. of Jerusalem. Rimmon. Thirty-five miles SW. of Jerusalem (Isa.2:2). Benjamin Gate was in the northern wall of Jerusalem; the First Gate at the northwestern corner; the Tower of Hananel at the N. corner, the king’s winepresses at the S. end (Neh.3;15)

 

This is the plague with which the Lord will strike all the nations that fought against Jerusalem: their flesh will rot while they are still standing on their feet, their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongues will rot in their mouths.(v.12) “On that day men will be stricken by the Lord with great panic. Each man will seize the hand of another, and they will attack each other. Judah too will fight at Jerusalem. The wealth of all the surrounding nations will be collected great quantities of gold and silver and clothing. A similar plague will strike the houses and mules, the camels and donkeys, and all the animals in those camps.(vv.13-15)

 

As Israel’s enemies (v.12) and the enemies’ animals (v.15) are struck with a plague, Israel will resume the fight in Jerusalem and take the spoil (v.14).

 

Then the survivors from the all nations that have attacked Jerusalem will go up year after year to worship the King, the Lord Almighty, and to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. If any of the peoples of the earth do not go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord Almighty, they will have no rain. If the Egyptian people do not go up and take part, they will have no rain. The Lord will bring on them the plague he inflects on the nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. This will be the punishment of Egypt and the punishment of all the nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacle.(vv.16-19)

 

In verses 16-19 Feast of Tabernacles (Lev.23:33-43) during this millennial period, God, in Christ the King, will live among men. Those who do not keep the feast will experience drought, except Egypt, which will experience plague.

 

On that day HOLY TO THE LORD will be inscribed on the bells of the houses, and the cooking pots in the Lord’s house will be like the sacred bowls in front of the altar. Every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be holy to the Lord Almighty, and all who come to sacrifice will take some of the pots and cook in them. And on that day there will no longer be a Canaanite in the house of the Lord Almighty. (vv.20 -21)

 

In verses 20-21 In the Millennium everything (down to the bells on the horses’ harnesses) will be holy. Canaanite. symbol of all unscrupulous unbelievers.
 

 

Bibliography,

Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie Study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986. 

 

 

 

 

 

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