Bible in one year 5/30/2022 2 Samuel Introduction & chapter 1-3 Civil War By Rev. Katherine Liu Bruce

Bible in one year 5/30/2022 2 Samuel Introduction & chapter 1-3

By Rev. Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry & Counseling

2 Samuel Introduction to the second book of Samuel

Authors: Samuel and others    Date:930 B.C. and later

        Relation to 1 Samuel  --   In the Hebrew Bile, 1 and 2 Samuel form a single book. On matters of authorship, date, and background see the introduction to 1 Samuel.

        Contents   First Samuel closes with the death of Israel’s first king, Saul. Second Samuel records the history of King David’s reign, including his making Jerusalem the political and religious center of the nation, the establishing of the Davidic dynasty, David’s great military victories, his shameful sin with Bathsheba, and his mistake in numbering the people. Second Samuel 7:4-14 records the important (and still partly unfulfilled) covenant God made with David and his posterity.

2 Samuel Chapter 1  David’s coronation over the kingdom after Saul’s Death; The report of Saul’s death

The Amalekite’s story is at variance with the record of 1 Sam.31:3-6 and is clearly a fabrication. He apparently sought recognition or reward for claiming to have killed Saul (who in reality committed suicide).(vv.6-10).As a mercenary or looter, he came across Saul’s body and took the king’s crown and bracelet to substantiate his fabrication. David apparently believed the account and had the Amalekite executed on the basis of his own testimony of having slain the king.(vv.15-16). Book of Jashar(v.18). A history of Israel’s wars in which some important events and great men were commemorated poetically (Josh.10:13). Heights (v.19), Mt.Gilboa, where Saul died. No longer rubbed with oil (v.21), Saul’s shield was not cleansed and polished with oil, but was discarded. Weapons of war.(v.27). A figurative reference to the fallen warriors, Saul and Jonathan.

2 Samuel Chapter 2 The Extent of the Kingdom (over Judah); The civil war Abner vs. Joab

Chapter 2-4 record the conflict between two rivals: David, who took the throne of Judah, and Ish-Bosheth, Saul’s surviving son, who occupied the throne in Israel. The men of Judah came to Hebron and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah.(v.4). This was David’s second anointing (1Sam.16:13). David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh Gilead (v.5).This tacit invitation to the people of Jabesh Gilead to join his kingdom was also a shrewd play by David, since the people lived to the N. of Ish-Bosheth’s capital, Mahanaim (v.8, Gen.32:1-2). 

Ish-Bosheth (vv.8-9) (“man of shame”) was crowned king over the northern tribes and Transjordan (1Chron.8:34). Verses 10-11, the difference in lengths of reigns (Ish-Bosheth, two years; David, 71/2 years) may be because Ish-Bosheth did not take the throne immediately, but required five years to recover the northern territory from the Philistines.

Abner son of Ner, together with the men of Ish-Bosheth son of Saul and Joab son of Zeruiah and David’s men went out and met them at the pool of Gibeon. Fight hand to hand.,(v.14) between champions in behalf of the opposing armies. Abner thrust the butt of his spear into Asahel’s stomach. Asahel had fallen and died. But Joab and Abishai pursued Abner. Besides Asahel, nineteen of David’s men were found missing. But David’s men had killed three hundred and sixty Benjamites who were with Abner. (vv.30-31).

2 Samuel 3 Abner deserts Ish-Bosheth ; Abner conferred with elders to make David their king; Joab murders Abner.

            The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.(v.1). David’s sons were born in Hebron as follows, Amnon, Kileab Absalom, Adonijah, Shephatiah , Ithream. Ish-Bosheth said to Abner “ why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?” Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. (vv.7-8). Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “ Whose land is it? make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”(v.12). Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “ for some time you have wanted to make David your king. Now do it! For the Lord promised David, by my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.”(v.17). Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.(v.21)                                                                                     Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon. (v.30). The strong curse uttered by David indicates that he did not consider Joab’s actions in the least justified. Hebron, where Joab slew Abner, was a city of refuge (Josh.21:13), and in such a city not even a blood avenger could slay a murderer without a trial (Num.35:22-25).

 Bibliography,

 Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

Bible in one year 5/29/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 25-31 Saul's death By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 5/29/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 25-31

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry & Counseling

 

1 Samuel Chapter 25 David and Abigail

            Now Samuel died, and David moved down into the Desert of Maon. A desert area eight miles S. of Hebron. Nabal’s place of business was in Carmel (not the Mt. Carmel near Galilee, but a place seven miles S. of Hebron), though his home was actually in Maon, a mile farther S. Nabal means “ fool” and his manner of conducting himself indicates that the name was appropriate. A festive time, a day of prosperity and celebration at shearing time. David and his men had been protecting the flocks and possessions of Nabal (25:15-16,21) in return for provisions and payday had finally arrived. Nabal not only refused to pay, but pretended not to know of David or of their agreement.(v.11). One of the servants told Nabal’s wife Abigail: “ David sent messengers from the desert to give our master his greetings, but he hurled insults at them.” (v.14). Nabal perhas, yelled or screamed at them. So Abigail immediately took two hundred loaves of bread, two skins of wine, five dressed sheep, five seahs of roasted grain…and  told her servants, “go on ahead, I will follow,” but she didn’t tell her husband Nabal. (vv.18-19). Abigail argued that the needless shedding of blood at this time would not be in David’s best interests. The figure is taken from the custom of binding valuables in a bundle to protect them from injury. God cares of His own as a man does his treasure.(vv.29-13). David accepted the provisions. Nabal apparently suffered a stroke and was paralyzed. After Nabal died, David took Abigail as wife.

1 Samuel 26 In the desert of Ziph, David spares Saul again

            The incidents related in Chapers24 and 26 are similar, but the differences are sufficient to establish that the events are in fact separate. David hided on the hill of Hakilah, Desert of Ziph. Saul went with his three thousand chosen men of Israel to search there for David. Saul made his camp beside the road on the hill of Hakilah facing Jeshimon, but David stayed in the desert. When he saw that Saul had followed him there, he sent out scouts and learned that Saul had definitely arrived. Then David set out and went to the place where Saul had camped. (vv.1-5).David and Abishai went to the army by night, and there was Saul, lying asleep inside the camp with hie spear stuck in the ground near his head. David said to Abishai, “ Don’t destroy him! Who can lay a hand on the Lord’s anointed and be guiltless? The Lord himself will strike him; either his time will come go into battle and perish. But the Lord forbid that I should lay a hand on the Lord’s anointed, now get the spear and water jug that are near his head, and let’s go.”(vv.9-10). David recognized God’s sovereignty over the life of Saul and believed that God would remove him from office in His own perfect time. David would be willing to offer an atoning sacrifice to God if there were any offense on his own part. But if other men were the cause of Saul’s hostility toward him, they should be judged. Go, serve other gods. David believed that his exile from the land, the inheritance from God, was equivalent to forcing him to abandon the worship of the Lord, for there were no sanctuaries of the Lord outside Israelite territory. David crossed over to the other side and stood on top of the hills some distance away, and said to Saul, “ Why my lord pursuing his servant? What have I done and what wrong am I guilty of? Now let my lord the kng listen to his servant’s words. If the lord has incited you against me, then may he accept an offering. If, however, men have done it, may they be cursed before the Lord! they have now driven me from my share in the Lord’s inheritance and have said,” Go, serve other gods.” Now do not let my blood fall to the g round far from the presence of the Lord. ..:(vv.19-20).  Saul repented, “ I have sinned. Come back, David my son. Because you considered my life precious today, I will not try to harm you again. Surely I have acted like a fool and have erred greatly.”  David replied, “ The Lord rewards every man for his righteousness and faithfulness. The Lord delivered you into my hands today, but I would not lay a hand on the Lord’s anointed. As surely as I valued your life today, so may the Lord value my life and deliver me from all trouble.” (vv.23-24)  Finally, Saul blessed David, “ May you be blessed, my son David; you will do great things and surely triumph. So David went his way, and Saul returned home. (v.25).

1 Samuel Chapter 27 The refuge of David in Philistine Territory; David become a Philistine servant

            David, placing no confidence in Saul’s blessing (26:25), sought refuge from Saul outside Israelite territory. David returned to Achish, king of Gath (21:10-15), who welcomed him, no doubt having heard of the split between David and Saul and desirous of strengthening his army with David’s six hundred fighting men. Ziklag (v.6). A city located about twelve miles N. of Beersheba. The move was probably motivated by David’s desire to be free from Philistine surveillance and to avoid pagan influence. David used Ziklag as a base for his raids on the northern Sinai desert tribes, which were enemies of Judah, while he pretended to serve the interests of Achish. (vv.8-10). Negev. The geographical region S. of the hill country of Judah, the center of which is Beersheba.(v.10).

1 Samuel 28 Saul consults the medium at Endor

            David’s response to Achish’s summons to join in war against the Israelites was ambiguous. He dared not refuse; yet to accede would have pitted him against his own people. This aspect of the story resumes in 29:1. In obedience to the law, Saul  had removed those who practiced spiritism (Deut.18:10-11). Saul was in panic because the Philistines were poised at Shunem (seven miles E. of Megiddo), ready to battle the Israelites in the plain of Jezreel, where their sophisticated weapons could be used more advantageously to crush the Israelites. (vv.4-5). Urim(v.6). Saul may have set up under Zadok a rival priesthood to Abiathar’s and so could get no guidance from God. A woman who is a medium (v.7), one who practices necromancy, consulting the dead to determine the future, strictly forbidden by the law (Lev.19:31). At Endor(v.7), between Mount Tabor and the Hill of Moreh, lived a medium who had escaped Saul’s purge. The medium shrieked with fear when Samuel himself actually appeared, rather than some spirit that would impersonate him. On this occasion God miraculously permitted the actual spirit of Samuel to speak and announce Saul’s imminent death(v.19). A spirit (v.13), a superhuman figure or spirit of the dead (Samuel). The spirit of Samuel came up to announce Saul’s death and The Lord will hand over the army of Israel to the Philistines. Immediately Saul fell full length on the ground, filled with fear because of Samuel’s words. (vv.16-20).

1 Samuel Chapter 29 David dismissed by the Philistines

The Philistine rulers (v.2) Civil rulers of the Philistine cities (of whom Achish was one). The Lord used the suspicion of the Philistines to deliver David from the distressing predicament of fighting Israel or being killed by Achish for disloyalty.

1 Samuel Chapter 30 David destroys the Amalekites

            The Amalekites, whom Saul failed to destroy completely (15:2-3,10-19), continued to be a curse to the Israelites. They intended to make their captives slaves. The brook Besor is the major wade (a usually dry river bed) that drains the Negev and empties into the Mediterranean just S. of Gaza.(v.9). David used his plunder as presents for his friends in Judah.(vv.26-31). David reestablished contact with the citizens of Judah who were later to name him king(2Sam.2:1-4). All the cities mentioned were in the territory of Judah and Simeon. Bethel (v.27).

1Samuel 31 The Philistines and the death of Saul

            Mount Gilboa is 1,696 feet high, located in the Valley of Jezreel. This “Waterloo” (v.2) of Saul and his sons fulfilled Samuel’s prophecy (28:19). The Philistines pressed hard after Saul and his sons, and they killed his sons Jonathan, Abinadab and malkishua. Uncircumcised…abuse me(v.4). Remembering how the Philistines abused and tormented Samson, Saul wished to prevent such from happening to him, especially since he was the Lord’s anointed. Saul took his own sword and fell on it. (vv.2-5). They put his armor in the temple of the Ashtoreths and feastened his body to the wall of Beth Shan. The house of the Ashtoreths was the temple of Ashtarte, the Canaanite fertility goddess and counterpart of Baal, and was located in the strategic city of Beth Shan (at the junction of the Jezreel an Jordan valleys). The bodies of the fallen warriors were hung on the wall along the open square of the city (2Sam.21:12). The bodies were recovered and buried by the men of Jabesh Gilead, who had not forgotten how Saul had once rescued them (11:1-11). Cremation was not the general Hebrew practice except in the case of criminals (Josh.7:25). The bodies may have been burned because they had been badly rutilated; even so, the bones were preserved and buried. The week of fasting (v.13) was a sign of public mourning for the king of Israel. Saul’s great failure as king was his disobedience, which eventually disqualified him for holding the office. Had Saul been obedient to God, perhaps his life would have ended in great glory rather than in darkm tragic defeat. (John14:15). 

 

 Bibliography,

 Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

 

Bible in one year 5/28/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 21- 24 David spares Saul By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Bible in one year 5/28/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 21- 24 David spares Saul 

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry & Counseling

 

1 Samuel Chapter 21 David protected by Ahimelech and Achish

            David went to Nob to Ahimelech the priest.(v.1) Nob. A small town inhabited by priests, just N. of Jerusalem. Here Ahimelech (Ahijah of 14:3) innocently gave David the sacred bread and the sword of Goliath. Verse 2 David’s lying and deception eventuated in the tragic deaths of the priests (22:9-18).Verse 5 though the journey had no religious purpose, David assured the priest that the men were ceremonially clean, certainly on this special mission. The priest recognized that his moral obligation to preserve David’s life by providing bread superceded the ceremonial regulation concerning who could eat the showbread (Lev.24:5-9). Christ referred to this example when teaching the true meaning of the Sabbath law. Doeg was detained at the sanctuary at Nob because of a vow, a need for cleansing, or because he was suspected of leprosy (Lev.13:4).  David fled from Saul and went to Achish king of Gath. He acted like a madman making marks on the doors of the gate and letting saliva run down his beard (v.10,12). David fled for refuge to Philistine territory, wearing Goliath’s sword. The anointing of David would not have been known to the Philistines, but his well-known exploits commended him as king.(v.11). David feigned insanity to persuade Achish to let him leave.(v.13).

 

1 Samuel Chapter 22 David in the cave of Adullam and in Mizpah

            David left Gath and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers ad his father’s household heard about it, they went down to him there. All those who were in distress or in debt or discontented gathered around him and he became their leader. About four hundred men were with him.(v.1-2). Cave of Adullam, a cave near a strategic city at the western edge of the hill country, not far from the Philistine border (ten miles SE of Gath). David took his family to Moab, across the Dead Sea, so that they might be out of reach of Saul. Ruth 1:4 and 4:21-22 record David’s family ties with Moab. The forest of Hereth (v.5), to which David returned after his trip to Moab, was only a few miles E. of Adullam. Appealing to tribal jealousies, Saul reminded his fellow Benjamites that only he, not David, would favor them.(v.7) .Saul claimed that David was a revolutionary, not merely a fugitive.(v.8). Doeg the Edomite, who was standing with Saul’s officials said, “I saw the son of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at Nob. Ahimelech inquired of the Lord for him, he also gave him provisions and the sword of Goliath the Philistine.” (vv.9-10). Then, Saul ordered the guards at his side “ turn and kill the priests of the Lord, because they too have sided with David, they knew he was fleeing, yet they did not tell me.” (v.17). But the king’s official were not willing to raise a hand to strike the priests of the Lord. Saul then, ordered Doeg, the Edomite to kill the priests. That day he killed eighty –five men who wore the linen ephod. Also put to the sword Nob, the town of the priests, with its men and women, its children and infants, and its cattle, doneys and sheep. But Abiathar, a son of Ahimelech son of Ahitub, escaped and fled to join David.(vv.18-20). Abiathar, who is Mark 2:26 is related to the incident of giving bread to David (21:6), evidently served as coadjutor with his father Ahimelech.(v.20). David’s deception (21:2) brought devastating consequences, for which he assumed full responsibility. Abiathar told David that Saul had killed the priests of the Lord. then, David said to him, “that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, I knew he would be sure to tell Saul. I am responsible for the death of your father’s whole family. Stay with me; don’t be afraid; the man who is seeking your life is seeking mine also. You will be safe with me.”(v.22).

 

1 Samuel 23 At Keilah and in the Desert of Ziph  

            Keilah, a city of Judah about three miles S. of  Adullam, bordered on the territory of the Philistines, who would raid the threshing floors after the Israelites had done the hard work of harvesting and processing the grain. The Philistines are fighting against Keilah, David inquired of the Lord, the Lord instructed David, “ go, attach the Philistines and save Keilah.”(vv.1-2).  Saul was told that David had gone to Keilah, Saul called up all his forces for battle, to go down to Keilah to besiege David and his men.(vv.7-8). David said to Abiathar the priest, “ Bring the ephod.” David asked Lord “ will Saul come down?”, “ He will” the Lord answered. “ Will the citizens of Keilah surrender me and my men to Saul?” and the Lord answered, “ They will”. So David and his men, about six hundred in number, left Keilah and kept moving from place to place.(vv.10-13). Saul knew that David had escaped from Keilah, he didn’t go there.(v.13)

            David stayed in the desert strongholds and in the hills of the Desert of Ziph. The desert of Judah is a desolate, barren area between the hill country and the Dead Sea. Day after day Sau searched for him, but God did not give David into his hands.(v.14).  David and his men used the many revines and caves in this area as refuge from Saul. Desert of Ziph. A barren plateau four miles SE of Hebron. Though Saul could not find David, Jonathan located him for this their last meeting.(v.16). Jeshimon (v.19) means “desert” or “ waste” and refers to the wilderness SE of Hebron (23:24;26:1,3). Desert of Maon(v.24), the wilderness near the city of Maon, five miles S. of Ziph. Arabah means “wasteland,” the Rift Valley N. and S. of the Dead Sea, but here defined as an area in the wilderness of Judah. David went up from there and lived in the stronghold of En Gedi.(v.29).En Gedi, the spring of the kid, an oasis E. of Hebron above the shores of the Dead Sea; it was known for its lush vineyards. (Song of Songs1:14).

 

Chapter 24 At En Gedi, David spares Saul in the cave

            After Saul returned from pursuing the Philistines, he was told, “ David is in the Desert of En Gedi.” so Saul took three thousand chosen men from all Israel and set out to look for David and his men near the Crags of the Wild Goats.(vv.1-2). He came to the sheep pens along the way; a cave was there, and Saul went in to relieve himself. David and his men were far back in the cave. Then David crept up unnoticed and cut off a corner of Saul’s robe.(vv.3-4). Apparently Saul laid his robe to the side when he entered the cave, and David was able to cut off a piece unobserved. David’s conscience was troubled, for touching Saul’s clothing was tantamount to touching his person, and David knew it was wrong to lift up a hand against the Lord’s anointed king (24:6,10). David honored Saul as king of Israel, though Saul was his enemy. David described himself as perfectly harmless to King Saul. “ May the Lord judge between you and me, and may the Lord avenge the wrongs you have done to me, but my hand will not touch you. As the old saying goes, “From evildoers come evil deeds, so my hand will not touch you.” May the Lord be our judge and decide between us. May he consider my cause and uphold it; may he vindicate me by delivering me from your hand.  (vv.12-13,15). Saul He said, “ you have just now told me of the good you did to me, the Lord delivered me into your hands, but you did not kill me…may the Lord reward you well for the way you treated me today. I know that you will surely be king and the the kingdom of Israel will be established in your hands. Now swear to me by the Lord that you will not cut off my descendants or wipe out my name from my father’s family.”(vv.16-21). Saul apparently felt genuinely sorry for the way he treated David, but his remorse was temporary. (26:1-2). David gave his oath to Saul. Then Saul returned home, but David and his men went up to the stronghold. (v.22).

 

 Bibliography,

 

Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

Bible in one year 5/27/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 18-20 Saul’s jealousy and rejection of David by Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 5/27/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 18-20 Saul’s  jealousy of David and David’s marriage, rejected by Saul and protected by Jonathan

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry & Counseling

 

1 Samuel Chapter 18 David’s friendship with Jonathan, Saul’s jealousy, David’s marriage

 Chapter 18-20 describe David’s service in Saul’s court. The story is told in terms of the relationship between David and Jonathan. The covenant was unilateral, Jonathan committing himself to the Lord’s anointed.(v.3). “Whatever Saul sent him to do David did it so successfully that Saul gave him a high rank in the army. After David had killed the Philistine, the women came out from all the towns of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing, with joyful songs and with tambourines and lutes. As they danced, they sang, “ Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands.” (vv.6-7). Saul’s jealousy of David was a significant factor in destroying his relationship with David and in bringing about his own decline. Saul had promised his daughter to the slayer of Goliath(17:25), but now the reward is conditioned on further conquests. Saul was hoping that David would fall at the hand of the Philistines.(v.17). Saul furthered his dishonesty by actually giving to another the daughter he had promised David. She was given in marriage to Adriel of Meholah. But Saul’s daughter Michal was in love with David, Saul said, “ I will give her to him,” Saul though, “ so that she may be a snare to him and so that the had of the Philistines may be against him.”(vv.19-21). And Saul wanted a hundred Philistine foreskins to take revenge on his enemies. Saul’s plan was to have David fall by the hands of the Philistines.(v.25). A second opportunity. Better, in a second way; i.e. by an alternative other than the traditional dowry (18:25). Hundred Philistine foreskins.(v.25). Tangible proof that one hundred Philistines had been slain. The allotted time.(v.26). David killed two hundred Philistines. Then, Saul gave him his daughter Michal in marriage. The period before the appointed time for the delivery of the dowry and marriage.  Saul realized that the Lord was with David and his daughter loved David, Saul became still more afraid of  him and he remained his enemy the rest of his day.(vv.28-29).

1 Samuel chapter 19 The rejection of David by Saul; David protected by Jonathan

            Saul told his son Jonathan and all the attendants to kill David. But Jonathan was very fond of David and warned him, “My father Saul is looking for a chance to kill you.  Be on your guard tomorrow morning; to into hiding and stay there.” (vv.1-2). But an evil spirit from the Lord came upon Saul as he was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand. While David was playing the harp, Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear, but David eluded him as Saul drove the spear into the wall. That night David made good his escape.(vv.9-10).

1 Samuel 20 David protected by Jonathan

            Then David fled from Nation at Ramah and went to Jonathan. Unfailing kindness (vv.14-15)  Love and loyalty, the two essential aspects of a covenant relationship, are bound together in this word. Jonathan recognized that David would one day be king and requested protection for himself and his family when David would take the throne. So he protected David by shot an arrow beyond the boy and said, “ But if Hurry ! Go quickly! Don’t stop!” (v.35-38). When this trouble began(v.19). Either a reference to 19:2 or to some unrecorded occasion when Saul schemed to kill David. Unclean (v.26) Ritually defiled and thus unable to partake of the festival meal(Lev.15:16). Shame (v.30) Saul vented his anger with the most offensive language. " You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Don't I know that you have sided with son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the mother who bore you?" (v.30). To the shame of the mother. An expression meaning, “ your mother will be ashamed that she brought you into the world.” But David wept the most (v.41). Jonathan said to David, “ Go in peace, for we have sworn friendship with each other in the name of the Lord, saying, the Lord is witness between you and me, and between your descendants and my descendants forever.” (v.42).David broke down with grief. From this point on until Saul’s death, David was an outcast from the royal court.

 

Bibliography,

 Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

Bible in one year 5/26/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 14-17 The first king Saul’s disobedience and sinful offering resulted in the rejection.By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 5/26/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 14-17 The first king Saul’s disobedience and sinful offering resulted in the rejection. 

 By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music

 

1Samuel chapter 14 Philistines was panic sent by God

            Ephod (v.3) The ephod was used to consult God in a time of crisis. That was probably done by means of the Urim and Thummim attached to the breastplate of the ephod (Ex.28:6-30). By yes and no questions the wrong choice between two alternatives could be eliminated. The site of the skirmish is identified by its relatively small land area. (v.4) Saul’s spies observed how the Philistine camp was in confusion due to the attack by Jonathan.(v.16) Art (v.18). The Ark at this time was at Kiriath Jearim, from which it was not removed for twenty years(7:2). It may, however, have been brought to Gibeah temporarily. The LXX reads “ephod”, an object that could have been used for decision –making(14:3). Withdraw your hand(v.19). I.e., “Don’t consult God now; there is no time!” With the report of victory the Israelite deserters (or mercenaries)returned, and those who had avoided the initial confrontation joined in the battle.(vv.21-22). So desirous was Saul of avenging himself against his enemies that he neglected the needs of his own men and swore a foolish oath that almost cost the life of his son.(vv.24-30). Physically weakened (v.32) they disobeyed the prohibition against eating meat with blood (Lev.17:10-14). Saul had the animals slain on an altar so that the blood could be drained.(v.34), Another foolish oath by Saul! Beware of making foolish promises that are impossible or extremely costly to keep.(v.39). By casting lots it was determined that Jonathan was the one in violation of Saul’s foolish oath.(vv.41-42). Saul expanded his kingdom to the south (Edom), east (Ammon and Moab), north (Zobah), and west (Philistia). Inflicted punishment . Lit., smote; i.e., defeated. Amalekites(v.48). Nomadic descendants of Esau(Gen.36:12) who fought against Israel at Rephidim (Ex.17:8-13) and were placed under divine judgment(Deut.25:19).

  1Samuel 15 His partial obedience

            Totally destroy (v.3), Lit., put under a ban. A ban involved devoting cities, persons, animals, and possessions to the Lord for destruction in accordance with Deut.7:2-6;12:2-3; 20:16-18(Josh.6:17). Although this practice was severe, it was a just punishment. Telaim(v.4), possibly the Telem of Josh.15:24, a city located in the Negev a few miles N. of Beer-sheba. Kenites (v.6). Nomadic Midianites who were well disposed toward Israel from ancient times (Ex.2:16-18; 18:9-12; Num10:29-32;Judg.1:16).The campaign proceeded from Havilah (in NW Arabia) E. toward Shur, which is near the eastern border of Egypt.(v.7). By sparing Agaa and the best of the spoil, Saul violated the ban and disobeyed God’s word through Samuel. “ But Saul and the army spared Agag and the best of the sheep and cattle, the fat calves and lambs everythings that was good. These they were unwilling to destroy completely, but everything that was despised and weak they totally destroyed.”(vv.8-9).

 The Word of the Lord came to Samuel, “ I am grieved that I have made Saul king, because he has turned away from me and has not carried out my instruction.(v.11). Not an indication of changeableness in God’s nature(15:29) James1:17), but an expression of sorrow (Gen.6:6) at the sinful rebellion of Saul. Saul excused himself and blamed the people(vv.13-15). Samuel replied “ Does the Lord delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obeying the voice of the Lord? to obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed is better than the fat of rams. For rebellion is like the sin of divination, and arrogance like the evil of idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, He has rejected you as king.”(vv.22-23). Though Saul was qualified in many ways to be a great leader, his self-willed spirit prevented fulfillment of that potential.

 1 Samuel 16 The replacement of Saul by David; David chosen and anointed

            The rest of 1 Samuel (chapt.16-31) portrays the relationships of Saul and David, and David’s preparation for kingship. Samuel’s fear of Saul was probably justified (18:11). The Lord did not suggest deception, but simply told Samuel to take care of the anointing while he was in Bethlehem on official business. (v.2). Bethlehem (v.4) is located about five miles S. of Jerusalem. The visit of Samuel was unexpected, and the town elders may have thought he had come to pronounce and execute judgment (7:15-16;15:33). Consecrate(v.5), set yourselves apart by means of ceremonial washings and purifications. “ But the Lord said to Samuel, “ Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The Lord does not look at the things man looks at. Man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.” (v.7). Note the contrast between the divine and human perspectives. (v.7). ruddy I.e., reddish.(v.12) A reference to the color or of David’s hair and complexion, regarded as beautiful in area where hair and complexion are usually dark. “So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his borhters, and from that day on the Spirit of the Lord came upon David in power. Samuel then went to Ramah.(v.13)”. This private anointing was the first of three anointing for David. His seconds came as king of Judah (2Sam.2:4) and his third as king over all Israel(2Sam.5:3).

            Now the Spirit of the Lord had departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord tormented him. (v.14) The presence of the Holy Spirit in the O.T. was selective and temporary, whereas today it is universal and permanent among believers (Judg.3:10). The evil spirit and used by God as the instrument of judgment on Saul, resulting in a mental disturbance bordering on madness. Whatever Saul’s malady (16:14), it was temporarily relieved by music. “David would take his harp and play. Then relief would come to Saul and he would feel better, and the evil spirit would leave him.(v.23).

 

1 Samuel Chapter 17 The Rise of David over Saul and Defeat of Goliath

            The armies were camped on either side of the Elah Valley, fifteen miles W. of Bethlehem. The Philistines were apparently on the hill to the S. of the valley, and the Israelites were on the hill to the N. (vv.1-3) Goliath’s height was six cubits and a span, which was nine feet nine inches tall! (v.4) Goliath’s coat of armor weighed about 125 pounds.(v.5). Bronze greaves Bronze shin guards. A weaver’s rod was stout and heavy (about seventeen pounds). The iron point (spearhead) weighed about sixteen pounds. An attendant, carrying a large protective shield, went ahead of Goliath.(v.7).  Goliath suggested a contest between individual warriors on behalf of the armies. In ancient times battles were sometimes decided by such a contest.(vv.8-10). David intended that his victory teach that the Lord (Yahweh) is the true God and that He delivers His people.(vv.46-47). A sling could be used with deadly accuracy (Judg.20:16). David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem, and he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent. (v.54). This must be a reference to the Israelite portion of Jerusalem (Josh.15:63) outside the Jebusite fortress, which was not taken until David had become king (2Sam.5:6-9). Tent. Perhaps a reference to David’s home in Bethlehem. The sword was later deposited in a sanctuary at Nob.(21:9). Whose son are you young man? Saul asked him, David said,” I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem.(v.58).  Saul knew David well from contact with him in his court (16:18-23), but evidently had forgotten the name of David’s father and needed to know it to reward David’s family for the victory(17:25).

 

Bibliography,

 

Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

Bible in one year 5/25/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 9-13 the first king Saul’s sinful offering and disobedience resulted in the rejection. By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 5/25/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 9-13 the first king Saul’s sinful offering and disobedience resulted in the rejection.

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music

 

1 Samuel 9  Saul, the first king the rise of Saul; the choosing of Saul

            The search would have taken Saul north from his home at Gibeah(10:26) through Shalisha and Shaalim(unidentified) where he then circled back through Benjamin to Ramah, the home of Samuel(7:17;9:18). Having been privately anointed by Samuel, he returned home by way of Gibeah of God (“ hill of God” 10:5,10). Zuph .(v.5) A region of the hill country of Ephraim(1:1). This explanatory information clarifies for later readers that a “seer” (from to see) became known in later times as a “prophet”. There may known in later times as a “ prophet”. There may once have been a distinction, but not a the time of this writing. High place.(v.12). An elevated place of worship and  sacrifice located on a hill or an artificial platform. The idea was essentially Canaanite (Deut.12:2-5), but Israel used such facilities before the construction of the Temple(1Kings 3:2). Anointing involved a consecration or setting apart for service. It was a religious act that established a special relationship between God and the king, who served as His representative and ruler over the people. The providence of God in bringing Saul to Samuel is very clear.(v.18). God was in control. The contract is between the lost donkeys and all that is precious or desirable.(v.20). Giving Saul the shoulder of the sacrifice (Lev.7:32-33) was intended to honor him above all the other guests.

 

1 Samuel 10 The coronation of Saul

            Saul was promised three signs that would serve to authenticate Samuel’s authority to anoint him king and to confirm God’s will in the matter.(vv.2-5). The Spirit’s coming upon Saul designated him as the true successor to the judges (Judg.3:10). Saul was instructed to do nothing independently of Samuel but he disobeyed (13:8-10). God changed Saul’s heart.(v.9). God gave Saul the qualities necessary to be king and deliverer of Israel. Some who had known Saul previously were surprised to see someone of a higher class acting like one of the ecstatic prophets, who were of dubious parentage.(vv.11-12). Was chosen(vv.20-21). Lot casting was a means of determining God’s will through yes and no questions (Josh7:15-18), a practice used prior to the permanent indwelling ministry of the Holy Spirit (Acts.1:26). When Samuel brought all the tribes of Israel near, the tribe of Benjamin was chosen. And Saul was a head taller than any of the others.(vv.20-23). Gibeah (v.26), located just three miles N. of Jerusalem on the main road to Shechem, was Saul’s home and the first capital of the monarchy. Saul had his supporters and his political enemies as well, but he held his peace in order not to provoke the situation.(v.27).

 1 Samuel 11 The conquest of the Ammonites

            Chapter 11 shows how the initial opposition against Saul was overcome, and how the king proved himself. Both Jabesh Gilead and the territory of the Ammonites were located E. of the Jordan. The loss of the right eye would disable a warrior, for the left eye was generally concealed behind his shield.(v.2).Nahash (v.3) agreed to the proposal, for he was apparently not prepared to take the city by force and did not expect any help to come to the inhabitants of Jabesh. Bezek was seventeen miles N. of Shechem. Last watch of the night(v.11) The last of three night watches (Lam.2:19; Judg.7:19; Ex.14:24-27), in the early morning hours. Saul employed a surprise tactic. The ceremonies at Gilgal involved a confirmation of the kingdom in the hands of Saul, and an affirmation of commitment to the king. (vv.14-15).

 

1 Samuel 12 The Reminder by Samuel

            In Samuel’s farewell address he defended his judicial administration and relinquished leadership of the tribes to Saul. Samuel did, however, continue his priestly and prophetic functions. (v.1). Samuel (v.3) reminded the people of his own honesty and integrity (in contrast to his sons’ failures 8:3,5). Samuel proceeded to rehearse the history of God’s righteous acts toward Israel. (vv.6-12). Baals and the Ashtoreths (v.10).Barak (v.11). Some manuscripts read Bedan, an unknown judge(but what purpose would this serve in the argument?) but probably a copyist’s error and intended to be a reference to Barak (so LXX and Syriac, Heb.11:32). Verses 13-18 Samuel warned Israel that the king would procure the anticipated deliverance only if they would fear the Lord and give up their rebellion against God. Verses 17-18 Because rain during the wheat harvest (May –June) was uncommon, this thunderstorm was considered a sign from God. God’s name signifies His reputation and character.(v.22). Samuel regarded failure to pray as a in against the Lord. “ As for me, far be it from me that I should sin against the Lord by failing to pray for you. And I will teach you the way that is good and right.”(v.23).

 

1 Samuel 13 The Rejection of Saul; Saul’s sinful offering

            Saul was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel forty two years.(v.1)  Saul was disobedient to God’s spokesman, rather than waiting on Samuel(10:8), he offered a burnt offering to unite the people and prepare for war. He resorted to situation ethics rather than biblical ethics, and the offered excuses for his conduct (13:10-12). Saul tried to justify himself instead of confessing his sin (vv.11-12). “You acted foolishly,”Samuel said, “ You have not kept the command the Lord your God gave you; if you had, he would have established your kingdom over Israel for all time. But now your kiddom will not endure; the Lord has sought out a man after His own heart and appointed him leader of His people, because you have not kept the Lord’s command.”(vv.13-14). Disobedience may eliminate opportunities for service by disqualifying one from a position of leadership (vv.13-14).

 

 

Bibliography,

 Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986

 

 

Bible in one year 5/24/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 4 –8 the War with Philistines By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

 Bible in one year 5/24/2022 1 Samuel Chapter 4 –8 the War with Philistines

By Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce

Christian Arts Ministries : Biblical precepts & Gospel music

 

1 Samuel Chapter 4 His war with the Philistines : the defeat of the Ark by the Philistines

            Philistines(v.1), The Philistines or “Sea People” migrated from Create (Caphtor, Amos9:7) and other Aeggean islands to the eastern Mediterranean coast and settled on the southern coastal plain of Palestine, a region that became known as Philistia. The Philistines were a powerful military people and were the greatest threat to the Israelites during the days of Samuel, Saul, and David. Ebenezer means “stone of help”(7:12) Aphek. A strategic border city at the northern edge of the Philistine territory, eleven miles NE. of Joppa. The Ark (v.3) symbolized the presence and power of God, but the Israelites used it superstitiously by placing their faith in it rather than in God himself. The Philistines looked upon the Ark as an idol, an Israelite god.(vv.7-8). Torn clothing and dust on the head were the signs of mourning for the dead  or for national calamity.(v.12). verse 18 Only here is it indicated that Eli served as a judge as well as a priest. Ichabod (v.21) means “ no glory” the loss of the Ark meant the absence of glory in Israel.

 

1 Samuel 5 The curse of the Ark on the Philistines

             Ashdod(v.1) located on the Mediterranean coast thirty-three miles W. of Jerusalem, was one of the five major Philistine cities (6:17). Dagon (v.2) was a Philistine vegetation god. In ancient literature Baal is sometimes referred to as the “son of Dagon”. The idol fell before the Ark twice(v.4). The second time it was destroyed, as divine judgment on the Philistine deity. Tumors (v.6) Or boils. Perhaps the cores were the symptoms of bubonic plague, for rats ravaged the land(6:5). Gath(v.8). Another of the five Philistine cities (6:17), was twelve miles E. of Ashdod. Ekron(v.10) Another of the five Philistine cities(6:17), six miles N. of Gath. Tumors(v.12)One lesson from the experience of the Philistines with the Ark seems clear: no matter how sacred, that which is acquired by improper means can never bring blessing to the possessor.

 

1 Samuel 6 The return of the Ark by the Philistines

            The Philistine priests and diviners suggested that an offering of golden images of the rats and sores would appease the God of Israel and bring an end to the severe judgment. Cows(v.7),milk cows still nursing their young. The cows’ going away from their calves would be a clear indication that they were being led by a supernatural power and would signify to the Philistines that the plague had indeed been the judgment of God.(v.9). Beth Shemesh (v.12) was a Levitical city (Josh.21:16) of the Israelites in the sorek Valley, eight miles E. of Ekron, fifteen miles W. of Jerusalem. Ashkelon(v.17) is located on the Mediterranean coast, 9 ½ miles S. of Ashdod. Gaza is also on the coast, twelve miles S. of Ashkelon. There is no indication that the Ark was in Ashkelon or Gaza, but they came under the plague which fell on all the philistines(6:4). The men of Beth Shemesh were guilty of the presumptuous sin of gazing into the Ark, apparently a violation of Num.4:20 (Num.4:5-6,15-20). Kiriath Jearim (v.21) is located ten miles W. of Jerusalem. The Ark was not returned to Shiloh, for archaeological date indicates that the city was destroyed about 1050 B.C.(Jer.26:9)  

 

1 Samuel 7 His Revival ministry to Israel

            Ashtoreths(v.3) Canaanite fertility goddesses and the female counterparts of Baal. Canaanite cultic religion had filtered into Israelite worship. Samuel promised deliverance for repentance. Baals(v.4) the plural of Baal, the supreme fertility deity of the Canaanites, whose domain was the sky, from which he fertilized the land. Mizpah (v.5) located at Tell en-Nasbeh, about seven miles N. of Jerusalem. Samuel was a praying prophet.(8:6;12:19,23;Jer.15:1). The outpouring of water was a sign of repentance (v.6).Ebenezer(v.12) Lit., stone of help (4:1). The third major battle with the Philistines resulted in a victory for Israel and the recovery of Israelite territory as far W. as Ekron and Gath. Amorites.(v.14) A general name for the original inhabitants of Canaan (Gen.14:5-7). Samuel was a circuit –rider judge(vv.16-17). He had civil(7:16), religious (7:6,17), and military responsibility.(12:11)

 

 1 Samuel 8 His warning to Israel concerning their Demand for a King

            Beersheba.(v.2) A city located at the southern extremity of Israel(3:20), forty –eight miles S. of Jerusalem. Samuel’s sons used their office and authority for personal gain. This corruption is a reflection on Samuel, who was perhaps too involved in his ministry to watch over the spiritual welfare of his family. As a result, God was dishonored.(v.3). Three reasons are given for the elders’ request: 1) the corruption of Samuel’s sons, 2) the desire to conform to the pattern of others, 3) the need for a military commander(8:20). God had made provision in the law for the appointment of a king (Deut.17:14-15), but the error of the elders was in their attitude and in their failure to recognize God as their true King(8:7’12:12). The Lord revealed to Samuel the problems that having a king would bring: the drafting of young men and women(vv.11-13), the taxation of crops and flocks (vv.14-15, 17a), the appropriation of servants and animals(v.16), and the loss of personal liberty(v.17b). Conformity (v.20) to the ways of unbelievers is displeasing to the Lord and indicates spiritual decline(3John11).

 Was it God’s will for Israel to have a king? (v.22) Prophecies dating back to Moses indicate that it was(Gen.49:10; Num.24:17; Deut.17:14-20). It was not God’s perceptive will for Israel to acquire a king in the manner in which they were doing it (i.e., at the wrong time and from improper motives), but God allowed it because it was within His permissive will. God in His sovereignty allows even the evil deeds of men to accomplish His purposes (Gen.50:20; Acts2:23). With respect to sin and evil, God wills to permit it, but not to effect it, for He cannot commit evil(Isa.45:7).

 

  

Bibliography,

 

Ryrie, Charles C. The Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986