Bible in one year 5/9/2022
Deuteronomy Chapter 24-27
By
Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce
Christian
Arts Ministries; Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry
&Counseling
Deuteronomy 24 Commands concerning divorce, a
loan, poor and needy.
The meaning of this
central O.T. passage on divorce is this : if the events of verses 1-3 take
place (a woman is divorced from her first husband and marries a second one who
also divorces her or dies), then, the restriction of verse 4 applies (i.e., her
first husband cannot remarry her). The passage cannot be construed as
commanding divorce, only as regulating an existing practice (Matt.19:3-11).
Something indecent. Apparently this meant some repulsive or indecent exposure,
rather than adultery (for which there was a test, Num.5:11-31). If either stone
were removed, then grain necessary for daily food could not be ground
(Matt.18:6). Verses 10-13, though a fellow Israelite could not be charged
interest on a loan, a pledge could be taken, but no pledge that would
jeopardize his livelihood or his life (e.g.,a millstone, v.6; or his mantle
used as a cover when asleep,v.13, cf. Amos 2:8; or his daily wage,
Deut.24:14-15). When you harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do
not go back to get it. Leave it for the alien, the fatherless, and the widow,
so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work of your hands.(v.19).
Ruth benefited from this law (Ruth 2:3).
Deuteronomy Chapter 25 Concerning protection for the weak
Do
not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.(v.4). Paul used this verse
to show that the human laborer is also worthy of his hire.(1 Cor.9:9-10).
Verses 5-10 These verses announce the law of levirate (from the Latin meaning
“husband’s brother”) marriage, designed to prevent extinction of the family
name. (Matt.22:24). Take off one of his
sandals (v.9). This act signified the transfer of his rights (Ruth4:7-8). Spit in his face. A sign of contempt.
Amalekites (v.17). The Amalekites were perhaps the most savage and inhumane of
the Canaanites.
Deuteronomy Chapter 26 Commands concerning Firstfruites, Tenth, the Tithe
These
verses (vv.1-11) describe another dimension to the meaning of the Feast of
First Fruits (Lev.23:10-14). It was not only a pledge of the full harvest to
come, but also a reminder of the rise of the nation from its meager
beginnings(Deut.26:5). A wondering Aramean. A reference to Jacob, who resided
for a long time in Aram (Mesopotamia,Gen.28:5) and whose family ties were for
the most part with Paddan Aram. Verse 12, “when
you have finished setting aside a tenth of all your produce in the third year,
the year of the tithe, you shall give it to the Levite, the alien, the
fatherless and the widow, so that they may eat in your towns and be satisfied.
Then say to the Lord your God: “ I have removed from my house the sacred
portion and have given it to the Levite, the alien, the fatherless and the
widow, according to all you commanded. I have not turned aside from your
commands nor have I forgotten any of them.”(vv.12-13). The worshiper had to
attest that he had given the tithe to the poor and had not used it for any
purpose that God did not approve.(vv.13-14).
Deuteronomy 27 Ratification of Israel’s
Covenant; Prerequisite Ceremonies
set up the stones on
Mount Ebal, coat them with plaster (v.2) Produced by roasting gypsum, which was
available in the Jordan and Dead Sea valleys. All the words of this law (v.8)
probably a reference to the curses and blessings of this and the following
chapter. “ When they have crossed the
Jordan, these tribes shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people: Simeon,
Levi, Judah, Issachar, Joseph and Benjamin. And these tribes shall stand on
Mount Ebal to pronounce curses: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, Naphtali”.
(vv.12-13). Verses 11-26 these passages describe a ceremony of ratification of
the covenant. Six tribes stood on Gerizim and six on Ebal, and the Levites in
the valley between. The Levites spoke the twelve curses and , after each, all
the people responded with Amen. (Lit., firm or assured; thus, “be it assured”).
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Old Testament (NIV) Deuteronomy Chapter 24 -27
Chapter 24
24:1 If a man marries
a woman who becomes displeasing to him because he finds something indecent
about her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her and
sends her from his house,
24:2 and if after she
leaves his house she becomes the wife of another man,
24:3 and her second
husband dislikes her and writes her a certificate of divorce, gives it to her
and sends her from his house, or if he dies,
24:4 then her first
husband, who divorced her, is not allowed to marry her again after she has been
defiled. That would be detestable in the eyes of the LORD. Do not bring sin
upon the land the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance.
24:5 If a man has
recently married, he must not be sent to war or have any other duty laid on
him. For one year he is to be free to stay at home and bring happiness to the
wife he has married.
24:6 Do not take a
pair of millstones--not even the upper one--as security for a debt, because
that would be taking a man's livelihood as security.
24:7 If a man is
caught kidnapping one of his brother Israelites and treats him as a slave or
sells him, the kidnapper must die. You must purge the evil from among you.
24:8 In cases of
leprous diseases be very careful to do exactly as the priests, who are Levites,
instruct you. You must follow carefully what I have commanded them.
24:9 Remember what the
LORD your God did to Miriam along the way after you came out of Egypt.
24:10 When you make a
loan of any kind to your neighbor, do not go into his house to get what he is
offering as a pledge.
24:11 Stay outside and
let the man to whom you are making the loan bring the pledge out to you.
24:12 If the man is
poor, do not go to sleep with his pledge in your possession.
24:13 Return his cloak
to him by sunset so that he may sleep in it. Then he will thank you, and it
will be regarded as a righteous act in the sight of the LORD your God.
24:14 Do not take
advantage of a hired man who is poor and needy, whether he is a brother
Israelite or an alien living in one of your towns.
24:15 Pay him his
wages each day before sunset, because he is poor and is counting on it.
Otherwise he may cry to the LORD against you, and you will be guilty of sin.
24:16 Fathers shall
not be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their
fathers; each is to die for his own sin.
24:17 Do not deprive
the alien or the fatherless of justice, or take the cloak of the widow as a
pledge.
24:18 Remember that
you were slaves in Egypt and the LORD your God redeemed you from there. That is
why I command you to do this.
24:19 When you are
harvesting in your field and you overlook a sheaf, do not go back to get it.
Leave it for the alien, the fatherless and the widow, so that the LORD your God
may bless you in all the work of your hands.
24:20 When you beat
the olives from your trees, do not go over the branches a second time. Leave
what remains for the alien, the fatherless and the widow.
24:21 When you harvest
the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains
for the alien, the fatherless and the widow.
24:22 Remember that
you were slaves in Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.
Chapter 25
25:1 When men have a dispute, they are to take it to court and the judges will decide the case, acquitting the innocent and condemning the guilty.
25:2 If the guilty man
deserves to be beaten, the judge shall make him lie down and have him flogged
in his presence with the number of lashes his crime deserves,
25:3 but he must not
give him more than forty lashes. If he is flogged more than that, your brother
will be degraded in your eyes.
25:4 Do not muzzle an
ox while it is treading out the grain.
25:5 If brothers are
living together and one of them dies without a son, his widow must not marry
outside the family. Her husband's brother shall take her and marry her and
fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to her.
25:6 The first son she
bears shall carry on the name of the dead brother so that his name will not be
blotted out from Israel.
25:7 However, if a man
does not want to marry his brother's wife, she shall go to the elders at the
town gate and say, "My husband's brother refuses to carry on his brother's
name in Israel. He will not fulfill the duty of a brother-in-law to me."
25:8 Then the elders
of his town shall summon him and talk to him. If he persists in saying, "I
do not want to marry her,"
25:9 his brother's
widow shall go up to him in the presence of the elders, take off one of his
sandals, spit in his face and say, "This is what is done to the man who
will not build up his brother's family line."
25:10 That man's line
shall be known in Israel as The Family of the Unsandaled.
25:11 If two men are
fighting and the wife of one of them comes to rescue her husband from his
assailant, and she reaches out and seizes him by his private parts,
25:12 you shall cut
off her hand. Show her no pity.
25:13 Do not have two
differing weights in your bag--one heavy, one light.
25:14 Do not have two
differing measures in your house--one large, one small.
25:15 You must have
accurate and honest weights and measures, so that you may live long in the land
the LORD your God is giving you.
25:16 For the LORD
your God detests anyone who does these things, anyone who deals dishonestly.
25:17 Remember what
the Amalekites did to you along the way when you came out of Egypt.
25:18 When you were
weary and worn out, they met you on your journey and cut off all who were
lagging behind; they had no fear of God.
25:19 When the LORD
your God gives you rest from all the enemies around you in the land he is
giving you to possess as an inheritance, you shall blot out the memory of
Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!
Chapter 26Firstfruits and Tithes
26:1 When you have
entered the land the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance and have
taken possession of it and settled in it,
26:2 take some of the
firstfruits of all that you produce from the soil of the land the LORD your God
is giving you and put them in a basket. Then go to the place the LORD your God
will choose as a dwelling for his Name
26:3 and say to the
priest in office at the time, "I declare today to the LORD your God that I
have come to the land the LORD swore to our forefathers to give us."
26:4 The priest shall
take the basket from your hands and set it down in front of the altar of the
LORD your God.
26:5 Then you shall
declare before the LORD your God: "My father was a wandering Aramean, and
he went down into Egypt with a few people and lived there and became a great
nation, powerful and numerous.
26:6 But the Egyptians
mistreated us and made us suffer, putting us to hard labor.
26:7 Then we cried out
to the LORD, the God of our fathers, and the LORD heard our voice and saw our
misery, toil and oppression.
26:8 So the LORD
brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm, with great
terror and with miraculous signs and wonders.
26:9 He brought us to
this place and gave us this land, a land flowing with milk and honey;
26:10 and now I bring
the firstfruits of the soil that you, O LORD, have given me." Place the
basket before the LORD your God and bow down before him.
26:11 And you and the
Levites and the aliens among you shall rejoice in all the good things the LORD
your God has given to you and your household.
26:12 When you have
finished setting aside a tenth of all your produce in the third year, the year
of the tithe, you shall give it to the Levite, the alien, the fatherless and
the widow, so that they may eat in your towns and be satisfied.
26:13 Then say to the
LORD your God: "I have removed from my house the sacred portion and have
given it to the Levite, the alien, the fatherless and the widow, according to
all you commanded. I have not turned aside from your commands nor have I
forgotten any of them.
26:14 I have not eaten
any of the sacred portion while I was in mourning, nor have I removed any of it
while I was unclean, nor have I offered any of it to the dead. I have obeyed
the LORD my God; I have done everything you commanded me.
26:15 Look down from
heaven, your holy dwelling place, and bless your people Israel and the land you
have given us as you promised on oath to our forefathers, a land flowing with
milk and honey."
Follow the Lord’s
Commands
26:16 The LORD your
God commands you this day to follow these decrees and laws; carefully observe
them with all your heart and with all your soul.
26:17 You have declared
this day that the LORD is your God and that you will walk in his ways, that you
will keep his decrees, commands and laws, and that you will obey him.
26:18 And the LORD has
declared this day that you are his people, his treasured possession as he
promised, and that you are to keep all his commands.
26:19 He has declared
that he will set you in praise, fame and honor high above all the nations he
has made and that you will be a people holy to the LORD your God, as he
promised.
Chapter 27 The Altar on Mount Ebal
27:1 Moses and the
elders of Israel commanded the people: "Keep all these commands that I
give you today.
27:2 When you have
crossed the Jordan into the land the LORD your God is giving you, set up some
large stones and coat them with plaster.
27:3 Write on them all
the words of this law when you have crossed over to enter the land the LORD
your God is giving you, a land flowing with milk and honey, just as the LORD,
the God of your fathers, promised you.
27:4 And when you have
crossed the Jordan, set up these stones on Mount Ebal, as I command you today,
and coat them with plaster.
27:5 Build there an
altar to the LORD your God, an altar of stones. Do not use any iron tool upon
them.
27:6 Build the altar
of the LORD your God with fieldstones and offer burnt offerings on it to the
LORD your God.
27:7 Sacrifice
fellowship offerings there, eating them and rejoicing in the presence of the
LORD your God.
27:8 And you shall
write very clearly all the words of this law on these stones you have set
up."
Curses From Mount Ebal
27:9 Then Moses and the
priests, who are Levites, said to all Israel, "Be silent, O Israel, and
listen! You have now become the people of the LORD your God.
27:10 Obey the LORD your
God and follow his commands and decrees that I give you today."
27:11 On the same day
Moses commanded the people:
27:12 When you have crossed the Jordan, these
tribes shall stand on Mount Gerizim to bless the people: Simeon, Levi, Judah,
Issachar, Joseph and Benjamin.
27:13 And these tribes shall stand on Mount Ebal
to pronounce curses: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan and Naphtali.
27:14 The Levites shall
recite to all the people of Israel in a loud voice:
27:15 "Cursed is the
man who carves an image or casts an idol--a thing detestable to the LORD, the
work of the craftsman's hands--and sets it up in secret." Then all the
people shall say, "Amen!"
27:16 "Cursed is the
man who dishonors his father or his mother." Then all the people shall
say, "Amen!"
27:17 "Cursed is the
man who moves his neighbor's boundary stone." Then all the people shall
say, "Amen!"
27:18 "Cursed is the
man who leads the blind astray on the road." Then all the people shall
say, "Amen!"
27:19 "Cursed is the
man who withholds justice from the alien, the fatherless or the widow."
Then all the people shall say, "Amen!"
27:20 "Cursed is the
man who sleeps with his father's wife, for he dishonors his father's bed."
Then all the people shall say, "Amen!"
27:21 "Cursed is the
man who has sexual relations with any animal." Then all the people shall say,
"Amen!"
27:22 "Cursed is the
man who sleeps with his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of
his mother." Then all the people shall say, "Amen!"
27:23 "Cursed is the
man who sleeps with his mother-in-law." Then all the people shall say, "Amen!"
27:24 "Cursed is the
man who kills his neighbor secretly." Then all the people shall say,
"Amen!"
27:25 "Cursed is the
man who accepts a bribe to kill an innocent person." Then all the people
shall say, "Amen!"
27:26 "Cursed is the
man who does not uphold the words of this law by carrying them out." Then
all the people shall say, "Amen!"
Bibliography,
Ryrie, Charles C. The
Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986
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