Bible in one year 5/3 Deuteronomy Introduction & Chapter 1-3
By
Rev.Katherine Liu Bruce
Christian
Arts Ministries :Biblical precepts & Gospel music; Pastoral ministry &
counseling
Introduction
to the book of Deuteronomy
Title - The English title ( from the Greek
Septuagint) means “second law-giving” and comes from the mistranslation of
17:18, which actually says “a copy of this law.” The Jewish title(which means
“words”) comes from the first verse and is typical of the beginning of ancient
suzerainty treaties( Ex.19:3). Much of the material in the book follows the
treaty pattern, elaborating the responsibilities of Israel as God’s covenant
people. Included are repetitions of many of the laws contained in Exodus,
Leviticus, and Numbers.
Historical
Setting – The book contains the addresses that Moses gave during the final
months of his life, when the Israelites were encamped in the plains of Moab
prior to their entrance into the Promised Land. The people were facing war,
temptations, and a new, settled way of life- all under the unproved leadership
of Joshua. Moses’ congregation here had not personally experienced the
deliverance at the Red Sea or the giving of the law at Sinai; they needed to be
reminded of God’s power and God’s laws.
Authorship of Chapter 34- The account of Moses’ death in
chapter 34 could not have been written by Moses, but that obvious truth in no
way negates the Mosaic authorship of the rest of the book. It was quite
customary to append an obituary to the final work of a great man, and it is
unthinkable that someone (most likely Joshua) would not have made such an
addition to the last writing of Moses.
Contents – the book may be viewed as a constitution for the theocracy of Israel once she was established in the land. Its structure parallels that of a typical suzerainty treaty of that period:( 1) preamble,1:1-5;(2) historical prologue,16:6-4:49;(3) main provisions, 5:1-26:19;(4) curses and blessings, 27:1-30:20;and (5) arrangements for continuation of the covenant,31:1-33:29. Jesus Christ quoted from this book to refute the devil (Matt.4:1-11) and to summarize the law (Matt.22:37).Of the twenty –seven books of the N.T., seventeen quote from Deuteronomy. Some especially important passages included:5:6-21 (the Ten Commandments); 6:4-9 (the Shema, “Hear, O Israel”); 13:1-5 (on false prophets);18:9-15(on false diviners); 29:1-30:20 (the Palestinian covenant).
Deuteronomy Chapter 1 Introduction,
Recapitulation of Israel’s wanderings: Historical; Israel at Sinai, Israel at
Kadesh Barnea
East
of the Jordan. I.e., Transjordan. (Num.34:15). Horeb (v.2) is another name for Mt.Sinai (Ex.3:1,12; Ex.19:1). Kadesh Barnea, the place where Israel
refused to believe God and enter Canaan from the SW., was located about fifty
miles SW. of Beersheba. Now, thirty-eight years later, Israel was poised on the
eastern frontier of Canaan.The western foothills.(v.7) Situated between the
coastal plain and the central highlands. It is known as the Shephelah. The
Negev. About forty-five hundred sq. mi. of desert in the southern part of
Canaan. Verses 19-46 Moses repeatedly emphasized that it was a good land that
God was about to give them (v.25;3:25;4:21,22;6:18;8:7;10;9:6;11:7). The Anakites(1:28)(Num13:33).
Though the announcement of Moses’ exclusion from the land occurred thirty-eight
years after that of the Israelites at Kadesh, the reasons for them were the
same –unbelief (v.32 with Num.20:12).
Deuteronomy Chapter 2 Israel’s Journey from Kadesh to Moab; The journey to Transjordan; the conquest of Transjordan.
The descendants of Esau were given
the land of Seir (the entire area of Edom, the mountainous region S. of the
Dead Dea; (Gen.36:6-8). The Edomites refused Israel passage across their
territory (v.8; Num.20:14). Concerning the Moabites refer to Gen 19:31-38 and Amos 2:1.Concerning
the Ammonites refer to Gen.19:31-38 and Amos1:13. A land of the Rephaites.
Refers to a race of people who inhabited Palestine on both sides of the Jordan
(Gen.14:5) Compare Num.21:21-32. The Amorites were an alien race (not related
to the Israelites) who had spread across the E. side of the Jordan. As a result
of sinking into idolatry, they had to be destroyed (Gen.15:13-16).
Deuteronomy Chapter 3 The allotment of
Transjordan
The people
rightly attributed this victory to the Lord, as they also did the one over
Sihon(2:33). Og.(v11) The last of the
Rephaites, or giant race, that inhabited Palestine (2:20).His iron bed has been
understood as an irontrimmed stone coffin or an iron –decorated couch to be
placed in his tomb or as a monument made of basalt (an iron-bearing rock). In
any case, the size of the bed indicates how huge Og was. Kinnereth. The Sea of Galilee. The salt Sea.
The Dead Sea. (vv.12-17). The condition placed on Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh was
that the men must join those of the other tribes in conquering the land W. of
the Jordan before they could settle in the land Moses gave them E. of the
Jordan.(vv.18-20). The Lord was angry
with me (v.26). For Moses’ disobedience and disbelief at Meribah
(Num.20:13).
Old Testament Deuteronomy (NIV) Chapter 1
The Command to Leave Horeb
1:1 These are the
words Moses spoke to all Israel in the desert east of the Jordan--that is, in
the Arabah--opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and
Dizahab.
1:2 (It takes eleven
days to go from Horeb to Kadesh Barnea by the Mount Seir road.)
1:3 In the fortieth
year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses proclaimed to the
Israelites all that the LORD had commanded him concerning them.
1:4 This was after he
had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, and at Edrei
had defeated Og king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.
1:5 East of the Jordan
in the territory of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying:
1:6 The LORD our God
said to us at Horeb, "You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
1:7 Break camp and
advance into the hill country of the Amorites; go to all the neighboring
peoples in the Arabah, in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev
and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites and to Lebanon, as far as
the great river, the Euphrates.
1:8 See, I have given
you this land. Go in and take possession of the land that the LORD swore he
would give to your fathers--to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob--and to their
descendants after them."
The Appointment of
Leaders
1:9 At that time I
said to you, "You are too heavy a burden for me to carry alone.
1:10 The LORD your God
has increased your numbers so that today you are as many as the stars in the
sky.
1:11 May the LORD, the
God of your fathers, increase you a thousand times and bless you as he has
promised!
1:12 But how can I
bear your problems and your burdens and your disputes all by myself?
1:13 Choose some wise,
understanding and respected men from each of your tribes, and I will set them
over you."
1:14 You answered me,
"What you propose to do is good."
1:15 So I took the
leading men of your tribes, wise and respected men, and appointed them to have
authority over you--as commanders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of
tens and as tribal officials.
1:16 And I charged
your judges at that time: Hear the disputes between your brothers and judge
fairly, whether the case is between brother Israelites or between one of them
and an alien.
1:17 Do not show
partiality in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be afraid of any
man, for judgment belongs to God. Bring me any case too hard for you, and I
will hear it.
1:18 And at that time
I told you everything you were to do.
Spies Sent Out
1:19 Then, as the LORD
our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of
the Amorites through all that vast and dreadful desert that you have seen, and
so we reached Kadesh Barnea.
1:20 Then I said to
you, "You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the LORD
our God is giving us.
1:21 See, the LORD
your God has given you the land. Go up and take possession of it as the LORD,
the God of your fathers, told you. Do not be afraid; do not be
discouraged."
1:22 Then all of you
came to me and said, "Let us send men ahead to spy out the land for us and
bring back a report about the route we are to take and the towns we will come
to."
1:23 The idea seemed
good to me; so I selected twelve of you, one man from each tribe.
1:24 They left and
went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshcol and explored
it.
1:25 Taking with them
some of the fruit of the land, they brought it down to us and reported,
"It is a good land that the LORD our God is giving us."
Rebellion Against the
Lord
1:26 But you were
unwilling to go up; you rebelled against the command of the LORD your God.
1:27 You grumbled in
your tents and said, "The LORD hates us; so he brought us out of Egypt to
deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us.
1:28 Where can we go?
Our brothers have made us lose heart. They say, 'The people are stronger and
taller than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw
the Anakites there.'"
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1:30 The LORD your God, who is going before you,
will fight for you, as he did for you in Egypt, before your very
eyes,
1:31 and in the desert.
There you saw how the LORD your God carried you, as a father carries his son,
all the way you went until you reached this place."
1:32 In spite of this,
you did not trust in the LORD your God,
1:33 who went ahead of
you on your journey, in fire by night and in a cloud by day, to search out
places for you to camp and to show you the way you should go.
1:34 When the LORD
heard what you said, he was angry and solemnly swore:
1:35 "Not a man of
this evil generation shall see the good land I swore to give your forefathers,
1:36 except Caleb son of
Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he
set his feet on, because he followed the LORD wholeheartedly."
1:37 Because of you the
LORD became angry with me also and said, "You shall not enter it, either.
1:38 But your assistant,
Joshua son of Nun, will enter it. Encourage him, because he will lead Israel to
inherit it.
1:39 And the little
ones that you said would be taken captive, your children who do not yet know
good from bad--they will enter the land. I will give it to them and they will
take possession of it.
1:40 But as for you,
turn around and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea."
1:41 Then you replied,
"We have sinned against the LORD. We will go up and fight, as the LORD our
God commanded us." So every one of you put on his weapons, thinking it
easy to go up into the hill country.
1:42 But the LORD said
to me, "Tell them, 'Do not go up and fight, because I will not be with
you. You will be defeated by your enemies.'"
1:43 So I told you,
but you would not listen. You rebelled against the LORD'S command and in your
arrogance you marched up into the hill country.
1:44 The Amorites who
lived in those hills came out against you; they chased you like a swarm of bees
and beat you down from Seir all the way to Hormah.
1:45 You came back and
wept before the LORD, but he paid no attention to your weeping and turned a
deaf ear to you.
1:46 And so you stayed
in Kadesh many days--all the time you spent there.
Chapter 2 Wanderings
in the Wilderness
2:1 Then we turned back
and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea, as the LORD had
directed me. For a long time we made our way around the hill country of Seir.
2:2 Then the LORD said
to me,
2:3 "You have
made your way around this hill country long enough; now turn north.
2:4 Give the people
these orders: 'You are about to pass through the territory of your brothers the
descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. They will be afraid of you, but be very
careful.
2:5 Do not provoke
them to war, for I will not give you any of their land, not even enough to put
your foot on. I have given Esau the hill country of Seir as his own.
2:6 You are to pay
them in silver for the food you eat and the water you drink.'"
2:7 The LORD your God has blessed you in all the
work of your hands. He has watched over your journey through this vast desert.
These forty years the LORD your God has been with you, and you have not lacked
anything.
2:8 So we went on past our brothers the
descendants of Esau, who live in Seir. We turned from the Arabah road, which
comes up from Elath and Ezion Geber, and traveled along the desert road of
Moab.
2:9 Then the LORD said
to me, "Do not harass the Moabites or provoke them to war, for I will not
give you any part of their land. I have given Ar to the descendants of Lot as a
possession."
2:10 (The Emites used
to live there--a people strong and numerous, and as tall as the Anakites.
2:11 Like the
Anakites, they too were considered Rephaites, but the Moabites called them
Emites.
2:12 Horites used to
live in Seir, but the descendants of Esau drove them out. They destroyed the
Horites from before them and settled in their place, just as Israel did in the
land the LORD gave them as their possession.)
2:13 And the LORD
said, "Now get up and cross the Zered Valley." So we crossed the
valley.
2:14 Thirty-eight
years passed from the time we left Kadesh Barnea until we crossed the Zered
Valley. By then, that entire generation of fighting men had perished from the
camp, as the LORD had sworn to them.
2:15 The LORD'S hand
was against them until he had completely eliminated them from the camp.
2:16 Now when the last
of these fighting men among the people had died,
2:17 the LORD said to
me,
2:18 "Today you
are to pass by the region of Moab at Ar.
2:19 When you come to
the Ammonites, do not harass them or provoke them to war, for I will not give
you possession of any land belonging to the Ammonites. I have given it as a
possession to the descendants of Lot."
2:20 (That too was
considered a land of the Rephaites, who used to live there; but the Ammonites
called them Zamzummites.
2:21 They were a
people strong and numerous, and as tall as the Anakites. The LORD destroyed
them from before the Ammonites, who drove them out and settled in their place.
2:22 The LORD had done
the same for the descendants of Esau, who lived in Seir, when he destroyed the
Horites from before them. They drove them out and have lived in their place to
this day.
2:23 And as for the
Avvites who lived in villages as far as Gaza, the Caphtorites coming out from
Caphtor destroyed them and settled in their place.)
Defeat of Sihon King
of Heshbon
2:24 "Set out now
and cross the Arnon Gorge. See, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite,
king of Heshbon, and his country. Begin to take possession of it and engage him
in battle.
2:25 This very day I
will begin to put the terror and fear of you on all the nations under heaven.
They will hear reports of you and will tremble and be in anguish because of
you."
2:26 From the desert
of Kedemoth I sent messengers to Sihon king of Heshbon offering peace and
saying,
2:27 "Let us pass
through your country. We will stay on the main road; we will not turn aside to
the right or to the left.
2:28 Sell us food to
eat and water to drink for their price in silver. Only let us pass through on
foot--
2:29 as the
descendants of Esau, who live in Seir, and the Moabites, who live in Ar, did
for us--until we cross the Jordan into the land the LORD our God is giving
us."
2:30 But Sihon king of
Heshbon refused to let us pass through. For the LORD your God had made his
spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate in order to give him into your hands,
as he has now done.
2:31 The LORD said to
me, "See, I have begun to deliver Sihon and his country over to you. Now
begin to conquer and possess his land."
2:32 When Sihon and
all his army came out to meet us in battle at Jahaz,
2:33 the LORD our God
delivered him over to us and we struck him down, together with his sons and his
whole army.
2:34 At that time we
took all his towns and completely destroyed them--men, women and children. We
left no survivors.
2:35 But the livestock
and the plunder from the towns we had captured we carried off for ourselves.
2:36 From Aroer on the
rim of the Arnon Gorge, and from the town in the gorge, even as far as Gilead,
not one town was too strong for us. The LORD our God gave us all of them.
2:37 But in accordance
with the command of the LORD our God, you did not encroach on any of the land
of the Ammonites, neither the land along the course of the Jabbok nor that around
the towns in the hills.
Chapter 3 defeat
of og king of bashan
3:1 next we turned and
went up along the road toward bashan, and og king of bashan with his whole army
marched out to meet us in battle at edrei.
3:2 the lord said to
me, "do not be afraid of him, for i have handed him over to you with his
whole army and his land. do to him what you did to sihon king of the amorites,
who reigned in heshbon."
3:3 so the lord our
god also gave into our hands og king of bashan and all his army. we struck them
down, leaving no survivors.
3:4 at that time we
took all his cities. there was not one of the sixty cities that we did not take
from them--the whole region of argob, og's kingdom in bashan.
3:5 all these cities
were fortified with high walls and with gates and bars, and there were also a
great many unwalled villages.
3:6 we completely
destroyed them, as we had done with sihon king of heshbon, destroying every
city--men, women and children.
3:7 but all the
livestock and the plunder from their cities we carried off for ourselves.
3:8 so at that time we
took from these two kings of the amorites the territory east of the jordan,
from the arnon gorge as far as mount hermon.
3:9 (hermon is called
sirion by the sidonians; the amorites call it senir.)
3:10 we took all the
towns on the plateau, and all gilead, and all bashan as far as salecah and
edrei, towns of og's kingdom in bashan.
3:11 (only og king of
bashan was left of the remnant of the rephaites. his bed was made of iron and
was more than thirteen feet long and six feet wide. it is still in rabbah of
the ammonites.)
division of the land
3:12 of the land that
we took over at that time, i gave the reubenites and the gadites the territory
north of aroer by the arnon gorge, including half the hill country of gilead, together
with its towns.
3:13 the rest of
gilead and also all of bashan, the kingdom of og, i gave to the half tribe of
manasseh. (the whole region of argob in bashan used to be known as a land of
the rephaites.
3:14 jair, a
descendant of manasseh, took the whole region of argob as far as the border of
the geshurites and the maacathites; it was named after him, so that to this day
bashan is called havvoth jair.)
3:15 and i gave gilead
to makir.
3:16 but to the
reubenites and the gadites i gave the territory extending from gilead down to
the arnon gorge (the middle of the gorge being the border) and out to the
jabbok river, which is the border of the ammonites.
3:17 its western
border was the jordan in the arabah, from kinnereth to the sea of the arabah
(the salt sea), below the slopes of pisgah.
3:18 i commanded you
at that time: "the lord your god has given you this land to take
possession of it. but all your able-bodied men, armed for battle, must cross
over ahead of your brother israelites.
3:19 however, your
wives, your children and your livestock (i know you have much livestock) may
stay in the towns i have given you,
3:20 until the lord
gives rest to your brothers as he has to you, and they too have taken over the
land that the lord your god is giving them, across the jordan. after that, each
of you may go back to the possession I have given you."
moses forbidden to
cross the jordan
3:21 at that time I
commanded joshua: "you have seen with your own eyes all that the lord your
god has done to these two kings. the lord will do the same to all the kingdoms
over there where you are going.
3:22 do not be afraid of them; the lord your god
himself will fight for you."
3:23 at that time I
pleaded with the lord:
3:24 "o sovereign
lord, you have begun to show to your servant your greatness and your strong
hand. for what god is there in heaven or on earth who can do the deeds and
mighty works you do?
3:25 let me go over
and see the good land beyond the jordan--that fine hill country and
lebanon."
3:26 but because of you
the lord was angry with me and would not listen to me. "that is
enough," the lord said. "do not speak to me anymore about this
matter.
3:27 go up to the top
of pisgah and look west and north and south and east. look at the land with
your own eyes, since you are not going to cross this jordan.
3:28 but commission
joshua, and encourage and strengthen him, for he will lead this people across
and will cause them to inherit the land that you will see."
3:29 so we stayed in
the valley near beth peor.
Bibliography,
Ryrie, Charles C. The
Ryrie study Bible (NIV).Chicago, IL: The Moody Bible Institute, 1986
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